25%敌霉唑乳油防治苹果轮纹病试验

敌毒唑２００、４００、６００ｍｇ／ｋｇ浸果可有效地降低苹果轮纹病引起的粒果率,并且药后３０天,苹果色泽可基本保持原样。     

PVA复合薄膜水果保鲜研究

以聚乙烯醇（PVA）复合膜作为生物保鲜膜,分别研究了草莓、香蕉在PVA膜保护下的保鲜效果,分析了PVA膜保鲜作用机理,并与聚乙烯（PE）薄膜的保鲜效果进行了对比。结果表明：PVA薄膜在水果保鲜上可以降低失重率,延缓水果衰老,降低水果的变质率,延长水果贮藏期和维持良好的贮藏质量,PVA薄膜创造了"低氧气,高二氧化碳"环境,将草莓的保鲜期延长了5 d以上,达到了很好的保鲜效果。PVA薄膜对香蕉的保鲜效果不太明显,但在其保鲜期内降低了果实的失重率。     

超声波提取花椒挥发油的工艺研究

介绍了以花椒籽核为原料,采用超声波提取花椒油的工艺条件,主要考查了固液比、提取温度和提取时间对花椒挥发油提取率的影响。实验结果表明影响花椒挥发油提取三因素主次关系为:溶剂量(质量比)提取温度提取时间。花椒挥发油的最佳提取工艺条件为:用体积分数95%乙醇为提取介质,在固液比为1:3.2(g/mL)、70℃温度下超声提取80m in。与加热法相比,该法工艺简便易行,提取效率高。     

野生火棘果中黄色素的提取

以野生火棘果为原料,用已获得的提取红色素的方法将火棘果中的红色素提尽,然后用乙醇作提取剂从火棘果渣中提取天然黄色素。探讨了料液比、提取时间、提取次数和提取温度等因素对火棘果黄色素提取效果的影响,通过L9(34)正交实验确定了最佳工艺参数。结果显示,火棘果黄色素的最佳提取条件为:料液比1∶9,提取时间75min,提取次数5次,提取温度60℃,此时,黄色素的提取率为92.5%,产率为2.1%,色价为22.2。火棘果黄色素为脂溶性色素,其乙醇溶液在可见光区内的最大吸收波长为450nm。     

超临界CO2萃取黑胡椒中有效成分的研究

用超临界CO2萃取技术,首先在低压、低温的条件下选择性萃取黑胡椒精油,进而在高温、高压及极性夹带剂的协同作用下,萃取富含胡椒碱的黑胡椒油树脂。另外,利用分子蒸馏技术纯化超临界CO2萃取的黑胡椒精油,得到适用于日化行业的无色、无辛辣感的挥发油,并通过GC-MS对比分析其香气成分。研究结果表明,超临界CO2萃取黑胡椒精油的较优条件为:萃取压力10MPa、萃取温度35℃、萃取时间1.5h,在该条件下产物得率为3.01%;超临界CO2萃取黑胡椒油树脂的最佳条件为:m(原料)∶m(体积分数95%食用乙醇)=2∶1、萃取压力30MPa、萃取温度50℃、萃取时间4h,在该条件下油树脂得率为7.88%,油树脂中胡椒碱质量分数为65.79%。     

Chemometric analysis of combined NIR and MIR spectra to characterize French olives

Chemometric treatment of near‐infrared (NIR) and mid‐infrared (MIR) combined spectra was used firstly to predict oil and water contents in fresh olive fruit samples (n = 223) and secondly to classify these samples into five principal French cultivar origins (Aglandau, Cailletier, Olivière, Salonenque, and Tanche). The study was carried out during four crop years (2005/2006 to 2008/2009) to take into account the seasonal variations. The comparison of the results obtained in the combined range (REP = 2.6% for the water content and 3.5% for the oil content) provides an obvious advantage compared to the NIR and MIR techniques used separately. Fresh olive fruit cultivars were satisfactorily classified with the partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) method in the combined range. After use of the K‐means clustering on the PLS‐DA scores, all the samples were well classified into their five groups of origin. The use of infrared combined spectra allows a considerable improvement in estimating olive fruit quality (oil and water contents, varietal origins).     

液-固发酵法沙棘果醋的风味研究

以沙棘果汁为原料,采用液-固发酵法研制沙棘果醋。用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气质联用(GC-MS)分析技术,考察了沙棘果醋的风味成分,并与国内恒顺优质香醋的风味对照,确定共有成分30种:酯类10种、酸类9种、醇类4种、酮类2种、醛类2种、吡嗪类2种、呋喃类1种。酚类、四氢化吡咯、3-甲基-4-乙酰基吡唑等风味化合物赋予了沙棘果醋独特的风味。     

Effect of Lipase Activity and Specificity on the DAG Content of Olive Oil from the Shodoshima-Produced Olive Fruits

Olive oils have a higher relative diacylglycerol (DAG) content than other plant oils. The lipase in olive fruits is involved in DAG production and is directly related to the acidity of the olive oil. However, the lipase activity and positional selectivity have not been clarified. To investigate the properties of olive fruit lipase, olive fruits of the Mission variety harvested during mid-December of 2005 on Shodoshima Island (Japan) were stored at 20, 30 or 40 °C for 4 weeks. Changes in the acidity and acylglycerol content of the oils extracted from the stored fruits were analyzed. The acidity and DAG content of the olive oils increased due to triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolysis during storage. sn-1,2-DAGs preferentially increased during the early stages of storage, indicating that the olive fruit lipase is enantioselective for the sn-3 position, while non-enzymatic isomerization of sn-1,2-DAGs was observed throughout the entire duration of storage. Kinetic analysis revealed that the enantioselectivity of olive fruit lipase for the sn-3 position was approximately four times greater than for the sn-1 position. The lipase was gradually inactivated at temperatures of 30 °C or higher, and the ratios of the rate constant for inactivation to TAG hydrolysis at the sn-3 position was 0.2, 13, and 23 at 20, 30, and 40 °C, respectively.     

Minor and Intermediate Components Enhance Attraction of Female Mediterranean Fruit Flies to Natural Male Odor Pheromone and Its Synthetic Major Components

The attraction of virgin female medflies to either the natural pheromonal odor of calling males or its synthetic major components was enhanced by both intermediate and minor pheromonal components in multiple choice discrimination tests. The modification of the standard Gow rotating-trap-array, cage olfactometer to allow a single source of natural pheromonal odor to be delivered equally and simultaneously to a number of traps greatly increased trapping efficacy (64% capture rate) and ability to resolve odor preference discrimination by female flies. In olfactometer cage bioassays, responding female medflies expressed preferences in attraction to male odor augmented with either synthetic intermediate or minor components over male odor alone. In dual-choice flight-tunnel bioassays, the minor blend enhanced the attractiveness of both the natural male odor and its synthetic major components. Moreover, the minor blend, when presented together with the synthetic major components, comprised an artificial pheromonal lure competitive for the first time with the natural male odor in attraction of virgin female medflies.     

植物生长调节剂对氯苯氧乙酸钾的生产与应用

介绍了用相转移催化一步合成植物生长调节剂对氯苯氧乙酸钾的方法及其在番茄、苹果上的应用效果。