栉孔扇贝外套膜酸性和碱性磷酸酶电镜细胞化学研究

采用电镜细胞化学技术对栉孔贝（Chlamys farreri）外套膜中的酸性磷酸酶（ACP）和碱性磷酸酶（AKP）进行了定性定位研究。结果表明，外套膜的所有上皮细胞和结缔组织中部分务细胞呈ACP强阳性。上皮细胞中高电子密度阳性颗粒多为圆形，直径300－450mm；内多也呈ACP强阳性；微绒毛等呈弱阳性。血细胞中次级溶酶体内有数目和大小不同的ACP强阳性颗粒；内质网等内膜系统呈ACP弱阳性。外套膜的所有上皮细胞和血细胞均呈AKP强阳性。AKP阳性颗粒常沿着细胞膜分布；内质网等内膜系统呈AKP强阳性；上皮细胞中一种近圆形直径约250－420nm的颗粒也呈AKP强阳性。     

血清PSA及PAP测定的临床应用评价

报道了２３例前列腺癌、４２例良性前列腺增生及２１例男性非前列腺疾病住院患者血清ＰＳＡ及ＰＡＰ联合测定结果。前列腺癌组与良性前列腺增生及对照组比较有极显著差异，按决策矩阵法对血清ＰＳＡ及ＰＡＰ进行临床综合评价，两者诊断指数和可用度分别为１３５．８％、１３８。３％和０．３６、０．４５。结果表明血清ＰＳＡ及ＰＡＰ测定对于前列腺癌诊断及鉴别诊断为互补关系，血清ＰＳＡ测定作为前列腺癌治疗效果监测指标优于血清     

Evolution of acid phosphatase activity of honeys from different climates

Acid phosphatase is an enzyme of honey whose values have been related to honey’s fermentation. In this work, we have studied the evolution, throughout thirty months, of acid phosphatase activity on honey samples originating in continental and oceanic areas. We have also researched the influence of induced granulation and pH on acid phosphatase activity evolution. Acid phosphatase activity has been determined by measuring, at 400 nm, 4-nitrophenol formed after the hydrolysis, at acid pH, of 4-nitrophenylphosphate in the presence of acid phosphatase. From the start, acid phosphatase activities have been higher in honeys from oceanic climate. Similar trends of evolution of acid phosphatase activity have been found in both honeys from continental and oceanic climates. In the end of the study, 100% samples showed a decrease of acid phosphatase activity. Induced granulation does not modify the trend of acid phosphatase activity evolution, although this technological process has an influence on the time at which changes within the evolution occurs. pH of samples has demonstrated to have a strong influence on the activity of acid phosphatase, so that the higher the pH, the lower the decrease of acid phosphatase activity. In honeys originated from continental climate area, pH and acid phosphatase activity have been correlated throughout the study.     

辐射事故病例的生物剂量估计

本文报道了1986年4次~(60)Coγ射线意外事故11名受照者的生物剂量估算。2次事故受照者于照后24小时检测,另2次事故受照者则于照后48小时进行。用已建立的外周血淋巴细胞ACP及中性粒细胞LAP活力的细胞化学检测估计受照者的辐射剂量。估算得出的最低受照剂量约为0.10Gy,而最高则达1.90Gy左右。初步讨论了LAP及ACP活力的细胞化学检测在生物剂量估值中的优点及照后使用抗放药物对ACP活力的细胞化学检测的影响。     

产甘油假丝酵母酸性磷酸酯酶突变株的选育及其性质研究

运用化学诱变法从高产甘油的工业生产菌株产甘油假丝酵母（Ｃａｎｄｉｄａｇｌｙｃｅｒｏｌｇｅｎｅｓｉｓ）ＷＬ２００２－５（Ｈ－）筛选获得两类酸性磷酸酯酶突变株．一类为阻遏型酸性磷酸酯酶缺失突变株;另一类为对磷调节不敏感的部分去阻遏调节突变株,并研究了它们的发酵性能     

The role of sulfate as a competitive inhibitor of enzymatically‐mediated heavy metal uptake by Citrobacter sp: implications in the bioremediation of acid mine drainage water using biogenic phosphate precipitant

Heavy metals can be removed from solution via biocrystallization with enzymatically‐liberated inorganic phosphate, according to Michaelis–Menten kinetics, in free whole cells and cells immobilized within polyacrylamide gel in a flow‐through reactor. Sulfate is a competitive inhibitor of phosphate release and a predictive model was developed and shown to describe the effect of sulfate on the efficiency of phosphate release by flow‐through columns. The inhibitory effect was substantially less than anticipated in the case of metal removal by the columns. In the case of lanthanum removal metal removal efficiency was restored by increasing the substrate concentration in accordance with model predictions. In the case of uranyl ion its removal with an equivalent substrate supplement increased the activity by 20% over the initial value at a limiting flow rate. Since the initial loss in activity in the presence of 40 mmol dm⁻³ SO₄²⁻ (approximately twice the K_i value) was only approximately 20% with both metals this was considered to be a minor problem for bioprocess application. In confirmation, calculations made from a published ‘case history’ of application of the system to the bioremediation of acid mine drainage water (AMD) containing 0.22 mmol dm⁻³ of uranyl ion and 35 mmol dm⁻³ of SO showed that the benchscale model is a good representation of performance under actual load conditions. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from purple acid phosphatase apoenzyme isolated from a new source Limonia acidissima

Green synthesis of nanoparticles is regarded as a safe and non-toxic process whereas conventional synthesis using chemical methods produces toxic substance. This study provides a novel insight for enzymatic synthesis method of silver nanoparticles using purple acid phosphatase, isolated from Limonia acidissima (wood apple) as a new source and used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Stable silver nanoparticles were produced by sonochemical method using apoenzyme as a stabilising and capping agent and were characterised by various physicochemical techniques like UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray study shows that nanoparticles are composed of silver and silver oxide. The synthesised nanoparticles exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.     

青刺尖叶中改善大鼠良性前列腺增生的活性组分筛选

筛选青刺尖叶提取物改善大鼠良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)的活性组分并探讨其作用机制。采用丙酸睾酮诱导的去势大鼠模型,以非那雄胺和普乐安为阳性对照,评价青刺尖叶提取物(QCJ)及其大孔树脂各洗脱物低、高剂量组(1.8g生药/kg/d,5.4g生药/kg/d)的抗BPH活性。结果显示,QCJ及各组分均能改善大鼠BPH病理状况,其中,大孔树脂5%乙醇洗脱物(Fr.A)可使BPH大鼠血清前列腺酸性磷酸酶(prostatic acid phosphatase,PACP)含量降低22.78%(p0.01),双氢睾酮(dihydrotestosterone,DHT)含量降低28.01%(p0.01);40%乙醇洗脱物(Fr.B)可减轻BPH病理组织形态改变,使BPH大鼠前列腺指数降低7.69%(p0.01),血清PACP含量降低32.91%(p0.01),DHT含量降低56.59%(p0.01)。各组分中Fr.B效果最好,能够改善BPH大鼠的前列腺指数增加、上皮细胞增厚等病理症状,其机制可能与抑制PACP和DHT的生成有关。     

微纳米生物玻璃的体外成骨性能研究

微纳米生物活性玻璃因其具有特殊的形态结构和理化性能目前引起众多研究者的关注,但是目前对微纳米生物活性玻璃的结构及形态对细胞性能的影响研究的较少。本文通过溶胶-凝胶法结合模板仿生技术合成了具有特殊结构和形态的微纳米生物活性玻璃,并通过体外细胞实验,研究了这种微纳米结构对人骨髓间充质干细胞成骨性能(ALP,Runx2,Col1a1和OPN)的影响,结果证明具有规则形态的生物活性玻璃(SBG)相比不规则形态的生物活性玻璃(IBG)更能促进细胞的体外成骨性能,为将来设计具有特定结构的生物活性玻璃提供了参考依据。     

不同剂量二甲双胍对老年2型糖尿病男性患者骨密度和骨代谢的影响

目的: 观察不同剂量二甲双胍对老年2型糖尿病患者骨密度和骨代谢的影响。 方法: 未经治疗的老年2型糖尿病患者102例随机分为二甲双胍低剂量组（n=34）、二甲双胍中剂量组（n=34）和二甲双胍高剂量组（n=34）。3组分别给予：二甲双胍0.5 g,每日2次;二甲双胍0.5 g,每日3次;二甲双胍0.5 g, 每日4次。3组均连续口服3个月。服药前和服药后1、3个月分别测定患者腰椎（L_2-4）与股骨颈（Neck）的骨密度（BMD）及血骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（BAP）、骨钙素（BGP）以及抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRACP）、护骨因子（OPG）、空腹血糖（FBG）和糖化血红蛋白水平（HbAlC）。结果: 3组治疗后FBG和HbAlC均明显降低,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但3组间同期比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。3组治疗前、后反映骨代谢的骨抑制指标TRACP和OPG无明显变化;反映骨转换与形成的指标BGP和BAP治疗后均升高,治疗前、后有统计学差异（P<0.05）。其中,二甲双胍高剂量组和中剂量组的BGP和BAP同期高于低剂量组,组间比较有统计学差异（P<0.05）,而二甲双胍中剂量组和高剂量组的BGP和BAP同期无统计学差异（P>0.05）。3组治疗3个月后腰椎（L_2-4）与股骨颈（Neck）的BMD均明显增加,二甲双胍高剂量组和中剂量组分别与低剂量组比较有统计学差异,但二甲双胍高剂量组和中剂量组并没有明显差异。结论: 二甲双胍对老年性2型糖尿病患者在发挥降糖作用的同时,还能使患者BMD得到改善,该作用可能主要是通过促进骨形成实现的,且疗效有一定剂量相关性。