夏热冬冷地区"双层皮"玻璃幕墙节能技术研究

玻璃幕墙是影响到建筑能耗的关键部位。本文分析了传统玻璃幕墙的弊端;通过玻璃幕墙的耗能计算公式说明影响玻璃幕墙耗能的相关因素;阐述了适合夏热冬冷地区的节能型玻璃幕墙—“双层皮”玻璃幕墙的构造和节能原理;通过实验验证了“双层皮”玻璃幕墙比传统的“单层皮”玻璃幕墙具有更佳的热工性能,其节能效果与通风和遮阳构造设计等有关。     

Fast-response storage-type solar cooker

All the solar powered cookers presently available in the world market are of the so-called “Reflector Box” type. Despite the fact that they have been presented, for a good few years, to the market and are very simple and low cost they have not managed to establish any meaningful and noticeable presence in a viable commercial sense. This fact is even more in evidence in those markets they are primarily designed for. The reasons to the lack of commercial success for the reflector box type cookers are analysed in some details. The assessment of general features and performance of the reflector box type cooker led to the design of the Fast Response Storage Type Cooker presented in this paper.The new cooker is the result of combination of non-tracking compound parabolic reflector, fast response heat pipes, high-quality and low-cost thermal insulator, low-loss thermal storage battery, glass to metal seals, vacuum technology and bimetal automatic switches. It is capable of storing the solar energy during the day to facilitate cooking during the evenings and nights. A prototype is made and the performance of the elements of the system are presented. It shows how the “waste-energy” of the cooker can be used for other applications.     

阳光控制膜玻璃的质量控制与产品标准的研究

通过对大量市售阳光控制膜玻璃产品的试验研究与国内外产品标准的比较，对其光学性能、色差、耐磨损性及化学稳定性等几项质量指标进行了详细讨论，采用加速老化试验研究比较了阳光控制膜玻璃的使用寿命，根据这些结果提出了质量控制和产品标准的一些建议。     

Al(H_2PO_4)_3和H_3PO_4改性AlN粉末的研究

采用机械球磨法,以Al(H2PO4)3和H3PO4为改性剂,制备了具有较高抗水解能力的AlN粉末,研究了改性AlN粉末在水基球磨过程中的稳定性。通过XRD,FT-IR,SEM,TG-DSC和氮含量测定对改性前后AlN粉末进行了表征。改性AlN粉末在60℃水中浸泡24h后,其w(N)为32.97%,且其XRD谱中未发现Al(OH)3相,其抗水解能力得到显著提高。改性AlN粉末在水中高速球磨16h后,其w(N)约为32%,AlN悬浮液的pH值约为6,说明改性AlN粉末在水中球磨过程中具有较好的稳定性。     

偶氮苯聚合物薄膜光致表面调制效应研究

实验观测了偶氮苯聚合物薄膜在Ar^ 激光（488nm)激发下的光表面调制效应。给出了488nm激光激发条件下,含有不同偶氮苯侧基的聚合物的光表面调制效应的数值。分析比较了偶氮苯聚合物表面调制效应的强弱及其产生的原因。给出光表面调制效应与聚合物接枝率的关系。     

Glassy State in Bacterial Spores Predicted by Polymer Glass-Transition Theory

Polymer glass-transition theory was used to gain information about a possible general mechanism to explain the high heat resistance of bacterial spores. In a glassy state the configuration of vital macrom-olecules and supramolecular assemblies in the spore protoplast would change extremely slowly when heated. The temperature dependence for heat inactivation rates above the glass-transition temperature was shown to be free-volume dependent and described by the kinetics commonly observed for glassy polymers. Glass-transition temperatures for various spores, predicted by nonlinear regression analysis of their heat inactivation rates at different temperatures, increased with increasing heat resistance as expected.     

XeCl准分子激光精细刻蚀金刚石和玻璃的实验研究

研究了XeCl激光精细刻蚀玻璃、金刚石等材料的能流阈值和单脉冲能流密度、激光脉冲重复频率等激光参数对单脉冲刻蚀深度的影响，并与理论计算结果进行了比较，为XeCl激光在该加工领域的实际应用提供了实验数据和理论依据。     

The determination of phosphate availability for some less conventional phosphate fertilisers

More than in the case of the other major fertiliser elements the performance of phosphorus in fertilisers in dependent on the state of chemical combination of the element. As distinct from typical American practice where fully acidulated fertilisers are emphasised, some other countries have moved in part to production of materials of less than full acidulation where some reliance is placed on the reactivity of the original phosphate rock. Solutions of various aliphatic acids and their salts have been used as tests for the availability of phosphorus in fully acidulated fertilisers and, to a degree, for phosphate rocks themselves. Less than fully acidulated products are at present assessed in the same way as fully acidulated materials, but in this and other evaluations problems and anomalies arise which are discussed within the framework of a number of fertiliser systems. Analytical data are adduced which illustrate the effects of some extraneous cations on the results achieved which conflict with some previous opinions. Research towards a fuller understanding of the subject is suggested.     

Thermally Stimulated Polarization and Depolarization in Halogen-Containing Lead Silicate Glasses

Thermally stimulated polarization and depolarization current (TSPC/TSDC) measurements were made on lead halide silicate glasses having compositions (65 − x )PbO· x PbX₂·35SiO₂ where x = 0, 0.1, 2, 10 and X = F, CI, Br, and I. The addition of halogen ions to lead silicate glasses gives rise to a new high-temperature TSDC peak in the vicinity of the peak previously observed in binary lead silicate glasses. The integrated area of the new peak is dependent on the amount and type of halogen ion present in the glass and does not saturate in the temperature range of our measurements. This new peak is attributed to space charge polarization of halogen ions.     

Hot Corrosion of Silica

The high-temperature corrosion of bulk silica glass was studied in pure oxygen and in SO₃-containing oxygen atmospheres in the presence of liquid sulfate deposits at temperatures of 700° and 1000°C. No reaction and devitrification were observed without Na₂SO₄ on the surface. The wetting of the silica by the sulfate, the tendency toward basic fluxing, and the crystallization of the silica incrased with the activity of Na₂O. The most extensive degradation of vitreous silica occurred by crystallization, and the resulting spalling under basic conditions and thermal cycling at basic conditions were parabolic. This behavior is explained by a model in which the crystallization is controlled by sodium at the glass-crystal interface and its diffusion into the glass. This sodium diffuses into the glass before crystallization and is swept ahead of the crystallization front.