Decision support in machine vision system for monitoring of TFT-LCD glass substrates manufacturing

This study addresses classification methodology for the automatic inspection of a range of defects on the surface of glass substrates in thin film transistor liquid crystal display glass substrate manufacturing. The proposed methodology consisted of four stages: (1) feature extraction by calculating the wavelet co-occurrence signature from the substrate images, (2) handling of imbalanced dataset using the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling TEchnique (SMOTE), (3) reduction of the feature's dimension by principal component analysis, and (4) finally choosing the best classifier between three different methods: Classification And Regression Tree (CART), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). In training the SVM and MLP classifiers, the simulated annealing algorithm was used to obtain the optimal tuning parameters for the classifiers. From the industrial case study, the proposed feature extraction algorithm could remove the defect-irrelevant image features and SMOTE increased the accuracy of all three methods. Furthermore, the optimized SVM and MLP models were more accurate than the CART model whereas a higher accuracy of 89.5% was observed for the proposed SVM model.     

Optimising P2O5 availability for fertilizer use,by direct treatment of apatite with hydrochloric or nitric acids

Hydrochloric and nitric acid treated apatite is not directly used as a fertilizer because of the hygroscopic character of the products. Another problem arises from the volatility of these acids and that acidulated product undergo reversions during drying with loss of the acid. We have found that apatite beneficiated with hydrochloric and nitric acids dried at an optimum temperature ~120°C has high available phosphorous. The products can be stored in the solid form in sealed polythene bags.Sumanasekara Chair in Natural Science     

Effect of Ammonia on Silicone Rubber-Glass Adhesion

The adhesion energy between silicone rubber and glass has been obtained from the Johnson, Kendall and Roberts' test. The specific effect of ammonia on the quasi-equilibrium value has been studied as a function of the degree of crosslinking of the elastomer. For PDMS networks with lower molecular weight between crosslinks, the effect is more pronounced but completely reversible. This has been related to the increase in the non-dispersive part of the surface energy of the silicone due to the imbibed ammonia. In incompletely crosslinked hydroxyl-terminated PDMS, ammonia has a catalytic effect and is responsible for chemical bonding between the unreacted hydroxyl groups of the PDMS and the hydroxyl groups on glass.     

Reaction products of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizers of varying water-soluble phosphorus content in different Indian soils

Studies were undertaken on the isolation and identification of reaction products of ammonium nitrate phosphate (ANP) fertilizers containing 30, 50 and 70 per cent water-soluble phosphorus (WSP) of total phosphorus in representative soils of the vertisol, oxisol, alfisol, entisol, mollisol and aridisol groups of India. ANP fertilizers were applied in solid form to soil, and reaction products formed at and around the site of ANP fertilizer placement were identified after six weeks incubation in moist soils by X-ray diffraction technique. DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate- CaHPO₄ · 2H₂O) was the major reaction product of ANP fertilizers containing 30 and 50 per cent WSP in vertisol, entisol, aridisol, mollisol, oxisol and alfisol, and of ANP containing 70 per cent WSP in vertisol, entisol, alfisol, aridisol and mollisol. DCP (dicalcium phosphate-CaHPO₄) was detected with ANP of 30 and 50 per cent WSP in the vertisol, alfisol, entisol, mollisol and aridisol groups of soils. In addition to DCPD, FePO₄ · 2H₂O (metastrengite) and AlPO₄ · 2H₂ O-monoclinic (metavariscite) were formed in alfisol and oxisol soils with ANP of 30 and 50 per cent WSP. FePO₄ · 2H₂O and AlPO₄ · 2H₂O (metavariscite) were identified in alfisol and oxisol soils while AlPO₄ · 2H₂O-orthorhombic (variscite) was formed in alfisol soils with ANP of 70 per cent WSP.     

低密度泡沫玻璃的研究与应用

低密度泡沫玻璃是利用碎玻璃制造的一种气孔率大于90%的隔热保温材料,它具有强度高、导热系数小、吸水率低、不吸湿、耐腐蚀等特性,在潮湿环境下抗冻性能好,是一种优良的低温、超低温隔热保温材料。该产品用途广泛,所用的原材料简单易得,但生产工艺过程比较复杂,生产过程控制精度要求较高,容易产生各种缺陷而影响产品的质量。本文对低密度泡沫玻璃的生产工艺过程进行详细的分析研究,提出相应的措施,确保产品的低密度和高成品率,提高产品的性能,扩大产品的使用范围。     

Viscosity of Porous Glasses

Viscosity of porous glasses has been derived from the elastic stress analysis, using the viscous analogy. Viscosity as a function of porosity has been estimated for spherical as well as for arbitrary pore geometry. Since the pore geometry changes during sintering, a shape factor that varies with pore geometry has been considered to predict the viscosity–porosity relationship. Viscosity as a function of porosity was measured on cordierite-type glass by isothermal sinter-forging experiments and data showed good agreement with the analysis. Experimental data from literature on viscosity as a function of porosity on two other glasses also show good agreement with the analysis.     

P_2O_5影响Na_2O-B_2O_3-SiO_2系玻璃结构与性质的特殊性

本文通过不混溶温度的确定,分相玻璃沥滤速率的测定以及NMR定量分析,研究了P_2O_6对Na_2O-B_2O_3-SiO_2系统玻璃结构和沥滤性质的影响。结果表明,P_2O_5在很大程度上促进钠硼硅分相玻璃的沥滤并非压抑“硼反常”所致,而是由以下三种因素综合作用的结果:(1)P_2O_5促进了钠硼硅玻璃的分相,使连通富硅相骨架尺寸增大;(2)P_2O_5的加入使富硅相骨架间隙中沉积的SiO_2量减少,减小了可溶相扩散阻力;(3)P_2O_5也使可溶相的溶解速率加快。     

Preparation,characterization, and some physical properties of polypropylene/poly(methyl acrylate)‐grafted glass wool composites

Polypropylene/poly(methyl acrylate)‐grafted glass wool (PMA‐g‐GW) mixes were prepared. The polymerization process was carried out using potassium persulfate (PPS) and PPS/acetone sodium bisulfite (ASBS) as a redox‐pair initiation system at 60 and 70°C. The effect of using PPS or PPS/ASBS on the grafting percent and conversion percent reveals that the conversion percent values on using PPS as an initiator are higher than those of PPS/ASBS, while in the case of grafting, the inverse is true, that is, using PPS as an initiator gives grafting percent values lower than those that can be obtained using PPS/ASBS. The dielectric properties, thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of PP loaded with modified glass wool as a function of different types and concentrations of initiators—used in the grafting polymerization process, namely, PPS and the redox initiating system—were also studied. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 723–732, 2003     

货架喷塑前处理工艺的选择与应用

介绍了CZ99-03(7)常温锌系磷化剂在货架上的应用,根据货架构件的特点,优化货架喷塑前处理工艺,讨论了影响磷化质量的工艺因素,提出了提高磷化效果的措施以及进一步改进磷化工艺的工艺设计。