Assessment of Bitumen Re c overy from the Athabasca Oil Sands Using a Laboratory Denver Flotation Cell

A methodology was developed in this study to evaluate the effect of operating parameters on the processability of oil sands using small‐scale laboratory experimental devices. By subtracting bitumen recovered to the froth by entrainment with water, the concept of “true flotation recovery” is proposed to describe bitumen recovery resulting from bitumenbubble attachment. The experimental results indicated that “true flotation recovery” is a more sensitive and meaningful marker than overall bitumen recovery to evaluate the processability of oil sands using small‐scale laboratory test units.     

Reaction pathway of benzonitrile formation during toluene ammoxidation on vanadium phosphate catalysts

The reaction pathway of the ammoxidation of toluene on (VO)₂P₂O₇ used as catalyst and the interaction of potential intermediates with the pyrophosphate were studied by spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, EPR), temperature-programmed chemisorptions/ reactions (TPD, TPRS) and transient studies such as the temporal analysis of products (TAP) technique. NH₃ is chemisorbed on the catalyst surface, forming three different species, i.e., NH ₄ ⁺ ions located on BrØnsted sites, coordinatively bound NH₃ on Lewis sites and NH ₂ ^– groups, presumably P-NH₂. Toluene that is probably adsorbed on Lewis sites reacts in a first step to a benzyl radical. A subsequent partial oxidation by interaction of V^IV=O groups generates a V...O=CH-C₆H₅ surface structure. This benzaldehyde-like surface species reacts with adsorbed NH₃ according to a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. TAP experiments on ammonium-containing vanadium phosphates revealed that NH ₄ ⁺ ions could act as potential N-insertion species. No formation of benzylamine as well as the generation of V=NH surface groups as possible intermediates or N-insertion sites were observed.     

化纤油剂用表面活性剂单体的性能及应用

介绍了用作化纤油剂平滑剂、抗静电剂、乳化剂的磷酸酯、硫酸酯、脂肪酸酯、聚醚等表面活性剂单体的结构特点与性能 ,指出了应加速我国化纤油剂用表面活性剂单体的优化开发。     

Phosphorus availability from phosphate rock and sewage sludge as influenced by the addition of water soluble phosphate fertilizer

Phosphorus (P) inputs are required for sustainable agricultural production in most acid soils of the tropics and subtropics. Phosphate rocks (PR) and organic materials have been suggested as alternative P sources in these soils. Quantitative information on the P availability from sewage sludge (SL) is scanty. Methods to improve the effectiveness of PR such as partial acidulation and compaction with water-soluble P sources have been recommended. The objective of this greenhouse study was to evaluate the relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) of Florida PR and sewage sludges (irradiated and non-irradiated) applied alone and in mixture with a water-soluble source (triple superphosphate, TSP) at two rates (50 and 150 mg P kg^–1 soil). The ³²P isotope dilution technique was utilised to determine the proportion of P in the plant taken up from the P fertilizer treatments. Wheat was grown on an acid loamy sand Dystric Eutrocrepts and harvested 6 weeks after planting. Results on total P uptake and the RAE of the P fertilizer sources tested indicated that the addition of 50 mg P kg^–1 soil as TSP was adequate in supplying P to the 6-week-old wheat plants as compared to PR and sewage sludge. Intermediate values were obtained for the mixtures. Similar responses were observed for the high P rate. For a given P rate, phosphorus uptake from PR and SL in presence of TSP was higher than P uptake from these sources alone, indicating an enhancement effect of TSP on the effectiveness of these non-readily available sources. With respect to P uptake from PR applied alone, the relative increases in P uptake from PR due to TSP influence were 52 and 67% for the low and high P rates, respectively. The relative increases in P uptake from SL due to TSP when compared to P uptake from SL alone were 102 and 59% for the low and high P rates of application. Application of a water-soluble P fertilizer together with a non-readily available P source shows an enhancement on the P uptake from the non-readily available P source by the wheat plants. In this experiment the estimated enhancement effects are very likely underestimated.     

对辊式造粒机在复混肥生产中的应用

对辊式造粒机生产粒状 ( 5 .5 m m)复混肥的原理及特点 :过程无温升 ,不需干燥 ,故采用原料广泛 ;该机可用含硝态氮的氮肥生产喜硝态氮的的作物专用肥 ;还可生产颗粒磷肥及颗粒碳铵。该机的主要消耗为对辊外壳 ,一对对辊外壳价值 80 0 0元 ,可生产 30 0 0 t肥料 ,每吨肥料的设备机物料损耗约 3元     

Marvelous self-assembly of hierarchically nanostructured porous zirconium phosphate solid acids with high thermal stability

A hierarchical structure of thermally stable macroporous zirconium phosphate solid acids with supermicroporous walls was prepared by a simple self-assembly process from the precursors of zirconium propoxide and orthophosphoric acid solution. The macroporous structures are uniform with the diameters ranging from 300 to 800 nm, one-dimensional channel-like. The effect of surfactant Brij 56 on the formation of macroporous structures has been studied. The frameworks of the synthesized hierarchical zirconium phosphates are amorphous with Zr–O–P bonding, exhibiting remarkably high thermal stability (at least 800 °C), on the basis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Larger quantities of Zr–OH and P–OH groups are observed besides surface hydroxyl groups, suggesting the presence of acidity and the possibility of surface functionalization for practical applications including catalysis. The macroporous zirconium phosphates with hierarchical structures could also be the potential and efficient catalyst supports for the design of the structured catalysts and reactors.     

磷酸铵生产中高温冷凝水密闭循环回收与应用

针对目前磷酸铵生产排出的高温冷凝水的热能未得到充分利用及由此产生的热污染，介绍了一种把排出的高温冷凝水密闭循环回收利用技术，可使蒸汽热力系统的运行效率提高10％以上。分析了该技术的特点和运行状况，认为采用该技术对蒸汽能力系统进行改造，投资少、见效快，投资回收期短、经济效益好，又消除了热污染现象，在磷酸铵生产中有推广价值。     

饲料级磷酸氢钙中钙含量偏高的原因

通过不同温度下的烘干、灼烧实验 ,分析饲料级磷酸氢钙中钙含量偏高的主要原因是产品结晶水含量少 ,仅 0 .3个结晶水。取消中和槽蒸汽加热 ,保持常温反应 ;改闪蒸干燥为气流干燥 ;用氢氧化钙作中和剂 ;使饲钙产品中钙含量由平均约 2 8%降至 2 2 %。     

四川磷矿制取饲料级脱氟磷酸三钙工艺研究

采用云南化工研究院开发的工业性试验成果，对四川磷矿进行了制取饲料级脱氟磷酸三钙工艺评价试验研究。结果表明：工艺路线、工艺条件及脱氟剂(AAA)均能满足要求，磷的转化率大于93％，脱氟率大于95％，产品质量指标符合企业标准(Q／YXSJ01—1997)。     

水基含铝耐高温防腐蚀涂料

以水溶性的磷酸盐为主要成膜物质,铬酸(盐、酐等)为调节剂,球形铝粉为颜料合成了水基含铝耐高温防腐蚀涂料,该涂料具有优异的耐热、耐湿、耐盐雾、耐高低温冲击等性能。