Preparation,Properties, and Mechanism of Flame-Retardant Poly(vinyl alcohol) Aerogels Based on the Multi-Directional Freezing Method

In this work, exfoliated α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) and phosphated cellulose (PCF) were employed to synthesize poly(vinyl alcohol) composite aerogels (PVA/PCF/α-ZrP) with excellent flame retardancy through the multi-directional freezing method. The peak heat release rate (PHRR), total smoke release (TSR), and CO production (COP) of the (PVA/PCF₁₀/α-ZrP₁₀-3) composite aerogel were considerably decreased by 42.3%, 41.4%, and 34.7%, as compared to the pure PVA aerogel, respectively. Simultaneously, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was improved from 18.1% to 28.4%. The mechanistic study of flame retardancy showed evidence that PCF and α-ZrP promoted the crosslinking and carbonization of PVA chains to form a barrier, which not only served as insulation between the material and the air, but also significantly reduced the emissions of combustible toxic gases (CO₂, CO). In addition, the multi-directional freezing method further improved the catalytic carbonization process. This mutually advantageous strategy offers a new strategy for the preparation of composite aerogels with enhanced fire resistance.     

中低品位磷矿和多种稀硫酸生产过磷酸钙的实践

根据目前磷矿质量下降、价格上涨、生产成本增加的情况,采取多种中低品位磷矿、多种稀硫酸生产过磷酸钙,对45%稀硫酸加热浓缩提到58%,并摸索出优惠的混化工艺条件、不同杂质含量的翻堆熟化条件,使生产成本大大降低,仅2008年1季度使用稀硫酸2874t(折纯),获经济效益86万元。     

Effect of Ions and Sequence Variants on the Antagonist Binding Properties of the Histamine H1 Receptor

The histamine H₁ receptor (H₁R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and represents a main target in the treatment of allergic reactions as well as inflammatory reactions and depressions. Although the overall effect of antagonists on H₁ function has been extensively investigated, rather little is known about the potential modulatory effect of ions or sequence variants on antagonist binding. We investigated the dynamics of a phosphate ion present in the crystal structure and of a sodium ion, for which we determined the position in the allosteric pocket by metadynamics simulations. Both types of ions exhibit significant dynamics within their binding site; however, some key contacts remain stable over the simulation time, which might be exploited to develop more potent drugs targeting these sites. The dynamics of the ions is almost unaffected by the presence or absence of doxepin, as also reflected in their small effect (less than 1 kcal·mol⁻¹) on doxepin binding affinity. We also examined the effect of four H₁R sequence variants observed in the human population on doxepin binding. These variants cause a reduction in doxepin affinity of up to 2.5 kcal·mol⁻¹, indicating that personalized medical treatments that take into account individual mutation patterns could increase precision in the dosage of GPCR-targeting drugs.     

高炉法钙镁磷肥适当提高鼓风氧含量的试验

为促使高炉法钙镁磷肥企业在提高产量、降低消耗的基础上提高企业经济效益,云南沾益磷肥厂在2#高炉上用纯氧提高鼓风空气中氧含量1%～2%进行工业性生产试验。试验证实了适当提高氧含量鼓风是安全可靠的,提高氧含量鼓风尽管技术很成熟,但由于氧含量提高过少,影响钙镁磷肥高炉技经指标因素较多,试验未取得理想效果。应进一步制定提高鼓风中氧含量在10%～30%的试验方案,继续试验,开发这一工业应用技术。     

磷酸酯化淀粉的高效湿法合成研究

本研究选用磷酸盐组合物,进行在低温下的淀粉高效磷酸酯化反应。结果表明,在湿法的低温条件下,采用适当的复合磷酸盐及反应促进体系,体系中淀粉浓度在40%～42%,磷酸氢二钠和磷酸二氢钠的比例为0.5,复合盐用量15%,pH保持在5～6之间,50℃反应5 h,Gx16在1%～5%的用量,可以显著提高淀粉的磷酸酯化程度(以结合磷含量表示),同时由于反应效率的提高,使湿法的反应均匀性,残留磷酸盐含量可控性,流程简洁、方便等优势得以突出,对比现实的生产工艺,该方法在稳定质量、节能降耗、减少污染排放等方面都极具优势,有重要的推广价值。     

烷基磷酸酯的合成及动力学研究

采用五氧化二磷法直接酯化制备烷基磷酸酯。研究了反应机理,建立了反应动力学方程。在本实验条件下,测出反应的表观活化能为42.8 kJ.mol-1,指前因子为864 L.mol-1.min-1。同时,得到了反应的表观动力学方程。     

化学沉淀法处理含氨氮废水的研究

本文通过试验研究了化学沉淀法处理含氨氮废水的工艺条件,介绍了废水处理过程中遇到的问题以及解决办法,为化学沉淀法处理氨氮废水提供了基础研究资料。     

Kaiser Effect in Rock Salt

Using the results of experiments with rock salt samples under various loading regimes as an example, the regularities of the Kaiser effect formation and manifestation in rocks with plastic properties are investigated.     

新型阻燃增塑剂DCRP的合成及测试

催化条件下合成阻燃增塑剂 ＤＣＲＰ,确定了最佳工艺条件。     

碳酸钙鼓式过滤机试车小结

总结了碳酸钙鼓式过滤机在生产能力、洗涤效果等方面的情况,并与原带式过滤机作了比较。