自然光下溴氨酸光催化降解试验研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备CdS/TiO2复合型光催化剂,并以溴氨酸为降解对象,在太阳光下研究其降解性能,从色度、COD、TOC等不同角度对降解结果进行检测.结果表明：在太阳光下CdS/TiO2能够有效降解溴氨酸废水,CdS/TiO2的最佳比例为0.2∶1;反应中催化剂的最佳用量为2.0 g/L;溴氨酸光催化降解遵循表观一级动力学反应.在对某实际染料废水的降解中,色度和COD的最大去除率分别为94.71%和58.02%.     

多壁碳纳米管负载ZnO纳米复合材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶法,以醋酸锌和硝酸处理过的多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）为主要原料,制备了MWCNTs-ZnO光催化复合材料。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等手段研究了制得样品的形态结构;通过紫外-可见分光光度计（UV-vis）,在紫外光照射下,分析比较了MWCNTs-ZnO复合材料、MWCNTs和ZnO的混合物以及纯ZnO对甲基橙光催化降解的性能。结果表明：在相同条件下MWCNTs-ZnO复合催化剂对甲基橙光降解有着最高的光催化活性。讨论了复合催化剂用量、重复使用等因素对甲基橙光催化降解效果的影响,并就复合催化剂的抗光腐蚀机制进行了初步的探讨。     

Photocatalytic performance of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> thin films connected with Cu micro-grid

Aiming at reducing the recombination of photo-induced carriers in semiconductor photocatalytic process, we prepared TiO₂ thin film with its surface modified by a connected Cu micro-grid via a microsphere lithography strategy, which showed higher photocatalytic activity than the pure TiO₂ film. The improvement of photocatalytic activity of Cu micro-grid to the TiO₂ film is due to the charge carrier separation and electron transfer by the conducting metal grid. The photocatalytic activity was improved as metal loading increased, which obtained the best performance at a certain loading amount, and then decreased at higher loading amount. This phenomenon was attributed to the metal’s bulk effect which could be explained by the relationship between the energetic positions and the metal cluster size. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50672003, 50872005) and the National Basic Research Program of China (“973” Project) (Grant No. 2007CB613302) and the Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation (Grant No. 111050)     

Experimental methods in chemical engineering: X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy‐XPS

X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a quantitative surface analysis technique used to identify the elemental composition, empirical formula, chemical state, and electronic state of an element. The kinetic energy of the electrons escaping from the material surface irradiated by an x‐ray beam produces a spectrum. XPS identifies chemical species and quantifies their content and the interactions between surface species. It is minimally destructive and is sensitive to a depth between 1–10nm. The elemental sensitivity is in the order of 0.1 atomic %. It requires ultra high vacuum ( Pa) in the analysis chamber and measurement time varies from minutes to hours per sample depending on the analyte. XPS dates back 50 years ago. New spectrometers, detectors, and variable size photon beams, reduce analysis time and increase spatial resolution. An XPS bibliometric map of the 10 000 articles indexed by Web of Science^[1] identifies five research clusters: (i) nanoparticles, thin films, and surfaces; (ii) catalysis, oxidation, reduction, stability, and oxides; (iii) nanocomposites, graphene, graphite, and electro‐chemistry; (iv) photocatalysis, water, visible light, and ; and (v) adsorption, aqueous solutions, and waste water.     

Photocatalytic behavior of TiO_2 and ZnO prepared with different methods under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation

IntroductionIn recent years photocatalytic oxidation hasreceived considerable attention as an alternativeremediation technology since the method offers anumber of advantages over conventionaltechnologies [1,2] Elimination o…     

C／T iO 2复合材料的制备及光催化性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制得了C/TiO2复合光催化剂,并采用X射线衍射（XRD）﹑扫描电子显微镜（ SEM ）﹑紫外光谱等方法对复合材料进行了表征。以1-萘胺-4-偶氮对苯磺酸为模型化合物评价了C/TiO2复合材料的光催化性能,考察了降解时间、初始浓度和催化剂投加量等因素对降解率的影响。研究表明,在1-萘胺-4-偶氮对苯磺酸初始浓度为2×10-5 mol/L,催化剂投加量为1．0 g/L时,光催化反应5 h后,1-萘胺-4-偶氮对苯磺酸的降解率达到85．41％。     

ZnFe2O4/ZnO纳米复合纤维的制备及性质研究

利用静电纺丝和原子层沉积（ALD）方法制备了ZnFe2O4/ZnO纳米复合纤维并对其进行退火处理。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、光致发光、紫外-可见分光光度计对其进行了性质的研究。结果表明,制备样品为一维核壳结构的纳米复合纤维,ZnO壳层由于高温退火的原因结晶度提高,ZnFe2O4纳米纤维与ZnO薄膜间的表面化学键连结起来并成功复合,降低了ZnO自由载流子的重结合几率,实现了光生载流子的大程度分离。并且直观的比较了不同催化剂的降解性能。     

Surface plasmon resonance-induced Ag-BaTiO3 composites for catalytic performance

Ferroelectric BaTiO₃ was combined with Ag nanoparticles for piezocatalytic and photocatalytic viewpoints. Microstructural characterization (X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy images) revealed that the Ag was successfully bounded with BaTiO₃. X-ray photoelectron spectrum also confirmed the presence of Ag. Further, its performance was examined for dye degradation under visible light (for photocatalysis) and ultrasonication (for piezocatalysis). In both the catalysis processes, there was a significant improvement in Ag-loaded BaTiO₃ sample-based catalytic reactions. Catalytic performance was evaluated for multiple cycles and was found consistent. Scavenger tests were also performed to understand catalytic reactions.     

Fabrication of high-efficiency anatase TiO2 photocatalysts using electrospinning with ultra-violet treatment

In metal oxide nanofiber fabrication using the electrospinning method, heat treatment is performed at temperatures of 500°C or higher for crystallization and polymer desorption. Therefore, it is difficult to fabricate low-temperature phase metal oxides that crystallize at low temperatures. TiO₂, a representative metal oxide often used as photocatalysts, is known to have higher photocatalytic activity in the low-temperature phase (anatase structure) than in the high-temperature phase (rutile structure). Studies on the fabrication of TiO₂ anatase nanofibers using conventional electrospinning have reported disadvantages such as the partial expression of rutile structures and low crystallinity. This study developed an anatase TiO₂ nanofiber as a high-efficiency catalyst based on the electrospinning method and a residual organic matter cleaning method that employs ultra-violet (UV) light. We fabricated nanofibers using the electrospinning method and implemented TiO₂ nanofibers with the anatase structure through heat treatment at 260°C. Residual organics remaining after heat treatment of the fabricated crystalized TiO₂ nanofibers were removed by exposing them to UV light, thereby improving photocatalytic efficiency. The photocatalytic efficiency of the fabricated TiO₂ nanofibers was confirmed through a methylene blue (MB) decomposition experiment under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic efficiency (time taken for the concentration of the MB solution to reach 50%) of the UV-treated TiO₂ nanofibers was approximately six times higher than of P25 and the heat-treated nanofibers.     

Fe3O4@TiO2@SiO2@Ag光催化剂的制备及其光催化活性研究

采用溶剂热法和溶胶-凝胶法合成了磁性Fe₃O₄@TiO₂@SiO₂复合光催化剂,再通过巯基改性,使二氧化硅表面原位合成银纳米颗粒,最终形成目标光催化剂。利用XRD、FT-IR、XPS、SEM、VSM等分析测试手段对该催化剂的组成、结构、形貌及其磁学性能进行表征。通过光催化降解40 mL罗丹明B溶液(pH 5.3,30 mg/L),催化剂按1 g/L加入反应体系,光照120 min时,罗丹明B溶液的降解率达96.22%。相同条件重复循环实验10次,罗丹明B溶液降解率仅下降4.32%,表明Fe₃O₄@TiO₂@SiO₂@Ag磁性光催化剂具有出色的光催化活性和循环使用性。