响应面法优化普鲁兰多糖-明胶可食性膜制备工艺

采用单因素和响应面分析法优化普鲁兰多糖-明胶复合膜配方。结果表明：甘油添加量对抗拉强度的影响最大,普鲁兰多糖添加量的影响最小。当普鲁兰多糖添加量2.00%、明胶添加量5.00%、甘油添加量1.00%时,其抗拉强度达到最大,为85.18MPa,验证实验结果为89.83MPa,二者的相对误差为5.18%,响应面法优化的组成真实可靠。     

Repurposing fish waste into gelatin as a potential alternative for mammalian sources: A review

Mammalian gelatin is extensively utilized in the food industry because of its physicochemical properties. However, its usage is restricted and essentially prohibited for religious people. Fish gelatin is a promising alternative with no religious and social restrictions. The desirable properties of fish gelatin can be significantly improved by various methods, such as the addition of active compounds, enzymes, and natural crosslinking agents (e.g., plant phenolics and genipin), and nonthermal physical treatments (e.g., ionizing radiation and high pressure). The aim of this study was to explore whether the properties of fish gelatin (gel strength, melting or gelling temperature, odor, viscosity, sensory properties, film-forming ability, etc.) could be improved to make it comparable to mammalian gelatin. The structure and properties of gelatins obtained from mammalian and fish sources are summarized. Moreover, the modification methods used to ameliorate the properties of fish gelatin, including rheological (gelling temperature from 13–19°C to 23–25°C), physicochemical (gel strengths from ∼200 to 250 g), and thermal properties (melting points from ∼25 to 30°C), are comprehensively discussed. The relevant literature reviewed and the technological advancements in the industry can propel the development of fish gelatin as a potential alternative to mammalian gelatin, thereby expanding its competitive market share with increasing utility.     

海参体壁明胶的提取及性质研究

为了考察热处理后海参体壁主要组分的变化特性,采用均匀实验确定海参体壁粗明胶提取的工艺条件。结果表明:在温度100℃,0.1%NaOH,0.35%H2SO4提取3h条件下,提取率可达海参干重65.30%。所得粗明胶特性黏度为20.74mL/mg,经红外光谱和紫外光谱测定具有一般标准明胶的特性,其溶液聚集状态经原子力显微镜观测呈现较规则线性分布。     

Properties of polyelectrolyte complex films of chitosan and gelatin

A series of chitosan–gelatin complexes was prepared by varying the ratio of constituents. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the amount of the different states of water. The interaction between chitosan and gelatin was checked by IR and X-ray analysis and was related to mechanical strength. The results indicate that the water take-up of a chitosan–gelatin complex is depressed by strong interactions within networks. Chitosan can improve the tensile strength of complex films, and even with high water content these can keep appropriate tensile strength and higher elongation. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

碘溴化银T颗粒乳剂中碘的加入

高感光度乳剂制备中 ,如何利用好碘的掺杂技术 ,对于提高乳剂感光性能起至关重要的作用 ,本文针对碘溴化银T颗粒乳剂中不同的加碘方式、碘的不同分布及不同的加入量 ,对其晶型和感光性能的影响进行了综述。     

Recycling of pharmaceutical waste gelatin for controlled‐release applications. I. A 2,4‐dicholorphenoxy acetic acid based system

Gelatin is a natural macromolecular protein. It contains a wide variety of amino acids in its polymer structure, and it is colorless to yellowish, water‐soluble, and tasteless. It is used as a dispersing agent, sizing medium, and coating for photographic films and in pharmaceutical formulations. In this study, biodegradable mulching, based on waste gelatin from pharmaceutical gelatin scraps (derived from pharmaceutical soft gelatin capsule production), was formulated via the casting of water solutions or suspensions into flexible and consistent films. Gelatin was blended with synthetic materials such as poly(vinyl alcohol) and other natural wastes such as sugar cane bagasse and sawdust. To all formulations, 2,4‐dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4‐D) was added as a herbicide. The morphology and mechanical properties of the samples were investigated with scanning electron microscopy and tensile testing, respectively. The results showed that the produced films had controlled‐release properties. The effects of various additives and crosslinking on the films and the release of the herbicide 2,4‐D from the films were also investigated. The introduction of synthetic and natural additives reduced the release rate of 2,4‐D. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2313–2319, 2004     

温度对甲壳素/明胶复合膜的影响

用明胶为原料（基体）,以甘油作为增塑剂,甲壳素作为增强相,制备一系列不同含量的甲壳素/明胶复合膜。在5、20、35（±1） ℃环境之中,测试其拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、水蒸气透过系数（WVP）、水溶性和失水率,探究温度对甲壳素/明胶复合膜的影响。结果表明,温度对复合膜的性能影响较大,35 ℃时拉伸强度为77.34~44.44 MPa,但断裂伸长率较低（13.35 %~2.75 %）,5 ℃时拉伸强度为6.06~4.75 MPa,断裂伸长率为111.4 %~64.2 %,低温时断裂伸长率较大,但拉伸强度较小,高温则相反;WVP随温度的升高而逐渐增加;水溶性随温度的升高而逐渐增大;甲壳素含量越大,复合膜内的水分子含量越少。     

Influence of the weight ratio of polydimethylsiloxane modified gelatin to silicone rubber on the potential performance of asymmetric bilayer membranes as wound dressings

Asymmetric bilayer membranes have been regarded as ideal wound dressings for skin regeneration. Our previous work reported the potential advantages of polydimethylsiloxane modified gelatin/silicone rubber (PGE/SR) asymmetric bilayer membrane as a wound dressing. However, it is still unknown whether the proportion of the two components of the bilayer membrane has a prominent influence on its relevant performance. Herein, various PGE/SR membranes with different PGE:SR weight ratios (100:25, 100:50 and 100:100) were fabricated through a self‐stratification method driven by surface tension gradients. Subsequently, the effects of the PGE:SR ratios on the relevant performance (i.e. porous structure, mechanical properties, degradability and biocompatibility) of PGE/SR membranes were systematically investigated. The current results demonstrate that the separating force between the PGE and SR components was reduced significantly on increasing the content of SR, and in particular the PGE/SR1 membrane (100:25) exhibited a well‐defined asymmetric bilayer structure with high porosity, appropriate toughness, water uptake, swelling ratio and water permeability. Concomitantly, the maximum weight loss for the PGE/SR1 membrane was ca 70.65% after 9 days of enzymatic degradation, which met the typical healing period of a normal skin wound. In addition, both the original and degraded PGE/SR1 membrane possessed favorable cytocompatibility in vitro, suggesting its potential application as a wound dressing. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

酸性脲酶的固定化研究

以明胶为包埋材料,戊二醛为交联剂固定化粪产碱菌所产的酸性脲酶。对酸性脲酶的固定化条件(包括明胶含量、戊二醛浓度、吸附时间、交联时间和粗酶液用量)及酶学性质(温度和pH值)进行了研究。结果表明,固定化酶的最适宜条件为：明胶的质量分数15％,戊二醛质量分数0.3％,吸附时间4 h,交联时间20 min,粗酶液用量4 mL。...     

Enhanced immunomodulatory activity of gelatin-encapsulated Rubus coreanus Miquel nanoparticles

The aim of this work was to investigate the immunomodulatory activities of Rubus coreanus Miquel extract-loaded gelatin nanoparticles. The mean size of the produced nanoparticles was 143 ± 18 nm with a bandwidth of 76 nm in the size distribution and a maximum size of ~200 nm, which allows effective nanoparticle uptake by cells. Confocal imaging confirmed this, since the nanoparticles were internalized within 30 min and heterogeneously distributed throughout the cell. Zeta-potential measurements showed that from pH = 5 onwards, the nanoparticles were highly negatively charged, which prevents agglomeration to clusters by electrostatic repulsion. This was confirmed by TEM imaging, which showed a well dispersed colloidal solution. The encapsulation efficiency was nearly 60%, which is higher than for other components encapsulated in gelatin nanoparticles. Measurements of immune modulation in immune cells showed a significant effect by the crude extract, which was only topped by the nanoparticles containing the extract. Proliferation of B-, T- and NK cells was notably enhanced by Rubus coreanus-gelatin nanoparticles and in general ~2-3 times higher than control and on average ~2 times higher than ferulic acid. R. coreanus-gelatin nanoparticles induced cytokine secretion (IL-6 and TNF-α) from B- and T-cells on average at a ~2-3 times higher rate compared with the extract and ferulic acid. In vivo immunomodulatory activity in mice fed with R. coreanus-gelatin nanoparticles at 1 mL/g body weight showed a ~5 times higher antibody production compared to control, a ~1.3 times higher production compared to the extract only, and a ~1.6 times higher production compared to ferulic acid. Overall, our results suggest that gelatin nanoparticles represent an excellent transport vehicle for Rubus coreanus extract and extracts from other plants generally used in traditional Asian medicine. Such nanoparticles ensure a high local concentration that results in enhancement of immune cell activities, including proliferation, cytokine secretion, and antibody production.