北疆某碾压混凝土坝上下游面防渗体 结构的比选

地处北疆严寒地区的某水利枢纽主坝为全断面碾压混凝土重力坝,为保证坝体上下游面防渗结构的安全可靠,进行了大量的试验研究和现场的工艺试验。试验证明二级配碾压混凝土与变态混凝土相结合的防渗结构型式具有施工方便、不干扰碾压混土坝的施工和造价低廉等优势,经综合考虑选定二级配碾压混凝土与变态混凝土相结合的防渗结构型式作为坝体上下游面防渗体。蓄水实践证明：坝体上下游面采用这种防渗体型式是成功的。     

基于FPGA的室内智能吸尘平台设计与实现

采用FPGA、多种传感器和其他硬件协同工作的方法;在硬件的选型、仿真和组装,软件的设计、编程与调试等方面做了大量的实验。通过实验找到了软硬件中存在的问题并进行了改善。得到了一个具有遥控和自主吸尘功能、结构简单、成本低、能够智能躲避障碍物的基于FPGA的室内智能吸尘平台。     

港珠澳大桥对伶仃洋河口潮流环境的影响

伶仃洋为弱潮河口,潮差较小,平均潮差为0.86～1.69 m,最大潮差为2.29～3.36 m.伶仃洋潮汐动力远远强于径流动力,潮流是塑造和控制滩槽格局的主要动力因素.通过伶仃洋河口潮流物理模型试验,研究港珠澳大桥建设对伶仃洋河口潮流动力环境的影响.研究结果表明:港珠澳大桥的建设对潮底动力环境影响的范围和强度表现为东部人工岛附近较强,西部桥区附近相对较小;近桥局部区域潮位及流场的变化比较明显,远离桥轴线5 000 m以外区域变化较小.     

渠江富流滩船闸输水系统水力学模型试验

富流滩船闸改扩建工程是渠江广安航运建设工程的重要组成部分,对促进川东地区经济社会发展具有重要意义.由于新建船闸等级及综合水力指标较高,因此,需对其进行水力学模型试验以优化输水系统设计.根据初步设计的富流滩船闸输水系统,通过1∶25的整体物理模型试验对其输水水力特性进行详细研究.试验结果表明:富流滩船闸采用闸底长廊道侧支孔明沟消能的输水系统布置是合理的,推荐的阀门开启方式下各输水水力特征均满足设计和规范要求.     

不同改良剂对滨海盐渍粉土改良效果的试验研究

采用桶栽试验的方法,研究了基质、稻壳和菌糠三种不同有机质改良剂对滨海盐渍粉土理化性质和西红柿产量的影响。研究结果表明:与不加改良剂(CK)相比,三种有机质改良剂可降低表层土壤干容重22.5%～33.1%,孔隙率增加25.5%～37.7%;土壤的含盐量降低5.05%～24.54%。使用改良剂处理的土壤,碱化度(ESP)、pH、土壤交换性Na+、土壤Na+、K+占阳离子总量和土壤Cl-下降,而土壤Ca2+和SO42-增加。三种改良剂均能显著增加西红柿的产量,增幅在24.05%～34.46%;单果总量整体有所提高。结果表明,基质、稻壳和菌糠对滩涂高钠盐粉土均具有较好的改良效果。综合考虑改良剂的价格、材料获得难易程度,稻壳和菌康是较为适宜的滨海盐渍粉土改良材料。     

金鸡滩水利枢纽悬挂式清污机设计

金鸡滩水利枢纽的悬挂式清污机是一种新型的清污机械,可以根据水电站的要求进行配套设计,能有效地解决拦污栅污物堵塞的问题,水下工作可靠,应用广泛,是老水电站清除拦污栅前污物堆积的升级改造设备。     

某单机无穷大电力系统暂态稳定性分析仿真

电力系统是一个复杂的动态系统,系统一旦出现稳定性问题,可能会在较短的时间内发生严重后果,因此,在电力系统规划、设计、运行等工作中都要进行大量的暂态稳定分析。介绍了电力系统时域仿真数学模型,构建了单机无穷大系统仿真模型。仿真结果表明:故障切除时间越短,发电机阻尼越大,系统越容易稳定,且在单相短路接地故障情况下系统最容易稳定。     

Vessel motion thresholds for maintaining physical and cognitive performance: a study of naval personnel at sea

Methods and results are reported from a study of ships companies' exposure to low-frequency motions on three vessels of the Royal Navy. The aim of the study was to investigate relationships between deck accelerations and the incidence of problems such as difficulties with physical tasks, cognitive activities, motion sickness, and work effort. Ship motions were recorded continuously during sea patrols of 10-14 days. The data collected from the three vessels comprised 105 days of ship motions over 12 patrols, with 779 associated daily diaries from 78 participants. Problems most strongly associated with vessel motions were related to the difficulties with physical tasks. Some cognitive aspects of task performance and motion sickness were associated with vertical acceleration magnitudes, but the correlations were less strong than with physical tasks. Practitioner Summary: Little is known about the severity of ship motions that degrade physical and mental performance. The paper offers preliminary estimates of the motion threshold values below which the performance will not be degraded by motion.     

A review of: “Introduction A La Psychophysiologie Du Travail (Introduction to the Psychophysiology of Work)”, by ROBERT FLORU and JEAN-CLAUDE CNOCKAERT,Presses Universitaires De Nancy (1991). pp. vi + 233, FF 120, ISBN 2-86480-550-2.

Workers in physically demanding occupations (PDOs) are frequently subjected to physical selection tests. To avoid legal ramifications, workplaces must be able to show that any personnel selection procedures reflect the inherent requirements of the job. A job task analysis (JTA) is fundamental in determining the work tasks required for employees. To date, there are no published instructions guiding PDO researchers on how to conduct job task analyses. Job task analysis research for non-PDOs offers some insight into the expected reliability and validity of data obtained on the most prevalent task domains in job analysis (importance, frequency, time spent and difficulty). This review critiques such research, and the existing published material on JTA of PDOs, and provides recommendations for future research and practice.

Practitioner Summary: There are no published guidelines for physically demanding occupation (PDO) researchers conducting job task analysis (JTA). Given the legal consequences of improperly conducted JTA, scientifically valid instructions for JTA practitioners are required. This review critiques existing research which analyses reliabilities of JTA data, and provides guidelines for PDO researchers conducting JTA.     

DEXA-assessed regional body composition changes in young female military soldiers following 12-weeks of periodised training

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to assess whole body and regional soft tissue mass, fat mass and lean body mass compositional changes in 68 female recruits (age 20.8 ± 1.14 years; body mass 59.5 ± 8.79 kg; stature 159.57 ± 5.53 cm) pre- and post 12-weeks of military basic training. A decrease in total body fat tissue mass (10.2%) and regional percent fat (10.9%) was measured with an increase in total lean body mass (8.7%). Of interest were the differences in the responses in the tissue composition of the arms (16.2% loss in fat mass with an 11.6% gain in lean mass), trunk (17.0% decrease in fat mass with a 10.4% increase in lean mass) and the legs (10.5% increase in lean mass but no change in fat mass). These findings show the importance of considering regional rather than whole body composition changes when assessing the effects of a training programme.

Statement of Relevance: Female soldiers experienced a change in total body fat tissue (?10.2%) and lean body mass (+8.7%) after basic training; however, no significant fat mass decrease was evident in the leg region. Regional rather than whole body composition changes need to be considered when assessing the effects of a training programme.