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41.
Jogender Singh Douglas E. Wolfe 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2005,14(4):448-459
Fabrication of cost-effective, nano-grained net-shaped components has brought considerable interest to Department of Defense,
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and Department of Energy. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the
versatility of electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) technology in engineering new nanostructured materials with
controlled microstructure and microchemistry in the form of coatings and net-shaped components for many applications including
the space, turbine, optical, biomedical, and auto industries. Coatings are often applied on components to extent their performance
and life under severe environmental conditions including thermal, corrosion, wear, and oxidation. Performance and properties
of the coatings depend upon their composition, microstructure, and deposition condition. Simultaneous co-evaporation of multiple
ingots of different compositions in the high energy EB-PVD chamber has brought considerable interest in the architecture of
functional graded coatings, nano-laminated coatings, and design of new structural materials that could not be produced economically
by conventional methods. In addition, high evaporation and condensate rates allowed fabricating precision net-shaped components
with nanograined microstructure for various applications. Using EB-PVD, nano-grained rhenium (Re) coatings and net-shaped
components with tailored microstructure and properties were fabricated in the form of tubes, plates, and Re-coated spherical
graphite cores. This paper will also present the results of various metallic and ceramic coatings including chromium, titanium
carbide (TiC), titanium diboride (TiB2), hafnium nitride (HfN), titanium-boron-carbonitride (TiBCN), and partially yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) TBC coatings
deposited by EB-PVD for various applications.
This paper was presented at the International Symposium on Manufacturing, Properties, and Applications of Nanocrystalline
Materials sponsored by the ASM International Nanotechnology Task Force and TMS Powder Materials Committee, October 18–20,
2004, Columbus, OH. 相似文献
42.
43.
Xiaohong Gu Tinh Nguyen Mounira Oudina David Martin Bouchra Kidah Joan Jasmin Aziz Rezig Lipiin Sung Eric Byrd Jonathan W. Martin Derek L. Ho Y. C. Jean 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2005,2(7):547-556
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to study the morphology and microstructure of an amine-cured epoxy before and
after outdoor exposure. Measurements were made from samples prepared in an essentially CO2-free, H2O-free glove box and from samples prepared in ambient conditions. For those prepared in a CO2-free glove box, AFM imaging was conducted on (1) an unexposed air/coating surface, (2) an unexposed coating bulk, (3) an
unexposed coating/substrate interface, and (4) a field exposed air/coating surface. For samples prepared in ambient conditions,
only the unexposed air/coating surface was investigated. The same regions of the exposed samples were scanned periodically
by the AFM to monitor changes in the surface morphology of the coating as UV exposure progressed. Small angle neutron scattering
and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies were performed to verify the microstructure and to follow chemical
changes during outdoor exposure, respectively. The results have shown that amine blushing, which occurs only under ambient
conditions, had a significant effect on the surface morphology and microstructure of the epoxy. The surface morphology of
the samples prepared under CO2-free, dry conditions was generally smooth and homogeneous. However, the interface and the bulk samples clearly revealed a
two-phase structure consisting of bright nodular domains and dark interstitial regions, indicating an inhomogeneous microstructure.
Such heterogeneous structure of the bulk was in good agreement with results obtained by small angle neutron scattering of
unexposed samples and by AFM phase imaging of the degraded sample surface. The relationship between submicrometer physical
changes and molecular chemical degradation is discussed.
Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago,
IL. 相似文献
44.
活性炭对含铬废水的吸附处理研究 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
研究了活性炭吸附处理实验室模拟含铬废水。实验结果表明,当活性炭用量为1 g,废水pH=4~5,吸附接触时间大于1 h,活性炭与铬含量比值大于5 mg Cr6+/g活性炭时,处理效果可达99%以上;吸附符合Freund lich等温模式,吸附等温方程式为logq=0.7780+0.9716 logc,以物理吸附为主;吸附穿透体积为25 mL,活性炭吸附Cr6+的工作吸附容量为14.59 mg Cr6+/g活性炭,工作饱和吸附容量为803.41 mg Cr6+/g活性炭。 相似文献
45.
Luca Valentini 《Polymer》2005,46(17):6715-6718
The adsorption of several types of conducting polymers on carbon nanotubes is investigated by electrical transport measurements. We report the optoelectronic properties occurring in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) conjugated polymer, poly(3-octylthiophene), composites. Al/polymer-nanotube composite/indium-tin oxide diodes show photovoltaic behavior proposing that the main reason for this increase is the photoinduced electron transfer at the polymer/nanotube interface. Interesting results were obtained in the case of poly(o-anisidine) (POAS)-multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs) composites where the increment of monolayers results in a significant improvement of the specific conductivity. POAS-coated MWNTs thin films demonstrated their potentiality as a new class of materials for inorganic vapors detection for environmental applications. 相似文献
46.
Berchtold von Steiger Armin Keller Rainer Schulin 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》1998,50(1-3):303-306
Extraction of heavy metals by accumulating plants is a method which is currently in development for the "gentle" remediation of contaminated agricultural soils (phytoremediation, see [2]). Areal contaminant mass flux balances are basic criteria for the design of such remediations and their control. A framework for the integration of contaminant balances relating the field scale of remediation with the regional scale of soil monitoring networks is provided by the recently developed method PROTERRA [3]. The objective of the study presented in this paper was to test the suitability of PROTERRA for planning and monitoring gentle soil remediations. For this purpose we applied the PROTERRA method to the contaminated agricultural land in and around Dornach, Switzerland, to assess copper flux balances.The calculations showed that atmospheric deposition and the application of pesticides and manure are important pathways for the inputs of copper. The copper export with a special maize cultivar accumulating heavy metals would be about three times higher than the average metal export with crops. A moderate increase of sewage sludge application would lead to a substantial increase of the copper input. Decisions to remediate the soil should take the uncertainty of mass flux balances both on field scale as well as on regional scale into account. Therefore, an important need of further development of the PROTERRA method is the integration of uncertainty analysis on both scales. 相似文献
47.
以缅甸DAPEIN(Ⅰ)水电站工程为例,论述了将WES实用堰的闸墩墩头向上游超长延伸之后,对泄洪安全所造成的影响。针对WES实用堰流量系数、堰面动水压力容易受边界因子影响的特点,对设计断面的堰顶布置和墩头形状进行了优化。根据堰面空化数计算公式及水流特性推导出计算的关键部位,对空化数进行计算。采用几何比尺为1∶60的物理模型对溢流堰的泄流能力和堰面动水压力进行了试验测试。试验结果表明:溢流堰的模型试验泄流能力和设计泄流能力非常相近。堰面动水压力除工况2的B4测点出现了-1.2 k Pa的微小负压值外,其余堰面时均压强值均大于0。从而,在泄流能力和堰面动水压力两方面都验证了这种设计方案的合理性。该工程所遇到的结构布置问题在中低溢流坝工程中属常见问题,解决思路可为今后类似工程建设借鉴参考。 相似文献
48.
《Automatica》2014,50(12):3197-3203
In this paper we propose an approach to the implementation of controllers with decentralized strategies triggering controller updates. We consider set-ups with a central node in charge of the computation of the control commands, and a set of not co-located sensors providing measurements to the controller node. The solution we propose does not require measurements from the sensors to be synchronized in time. The sensors in our proposal provide measurements in an aperiodic way triggered by local conditions. Furthermore, in the proposed implementation (most of) the communication between nodes requires only the exchange of one bit of information (per controller update), which could aid in reducing transmission delays and as a secondary effect result in fewer transmissions being triggered. 相似文献
49.
Li-Piin Sung Joan Jasmin Xiaohong Gu Tinh Nguyen Jonathan W. Martin 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2004,1(4):267-276
Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) has been used to characterize the changes in film thickness and local surface morphology
of polymer coatings during the UV degradation process. With the noninvasive feature of LSCM, one can obtain thickness information
directly and nondestructively at various exposure times without destroying the specimens or deriving the thickness values
from IR measurement by assuming uniform film ablation. Two acrylic polymer coatings were chosen for the study, and the physical
and chemical changes of the two systems at various exposure times were measured and analyzed. Those measurable physical changes
caused by UV exposure include film ablation, formation of pits and other surface defects, and increases in surface roughness.
It was found in both coatings that changes in measured film thickness by LSCM were not correlated linearly to the predicted
thickness loss using the changes in the CH band obtained by the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements
in the later degradation stages. This result suggested it was not a uniform film ablation process during the UV degradation.
At later stages, where surface deformation became severe, surface roughness and profile information using LSCM were also proven
to be useful for analyzing the surface degradation process
Presented at the 81st Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, November 13–14, 2004 in Philadelphia,
PA. 相似文献
50.
Rana M. Tubaileh Antonio Garrido-Fernández M. Victoria Ruiz-Méndez Manuel León-Camacho Enrique Graciani-Constante 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2002,79(1):101-104
Changes in the contents of waxes and fatty alcohols during deodorization/physical refining of bleached olive oil were studied.
Experiments were carried out with 1.85% acidity oil, which was physically refined in a discontinuous deodorizer of 250-kg
maximum capacity using nitrogen as stripping gas instead of steam. The variables studied were load and temperature of oil
in the deodorizer as well as N2 flow. Analyses of waxes and alcohols were carried out at different operation times. The maximum content of wax was always
observed when the oil reached the deodorization temperature. The variation in the wax content depended on temperature and
N2 flow. Wax decomposition started and continued during the operating time, and a progressive decrease, which was pronounced
between 3 and 4 h, was observed. Small changes in waxes were observed between 4 and 5 h. Total content of fatty alcohols diminished
throughout the operating time, and changes did not depend on the variables studied. 相似文献