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991.
蜂王浆是年轻工蜂上颚腺的浓稠的乳白色分泌物,作为一种天然的蜂产品,被广泛应用于食品和保健品等各个领域。10-羟基-2-癸烯酸（10-hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid, 10-HDA）是蜂王浆中所特有的一种中链不饱和脂肪酸,具有抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤、降低血糖、血脂和抗辐射等多种活性功能。利用物理吸附或有机溶剂处理,可以在蜂王浆中有效提取出10-HDA成分,此外,还可以利用8-羟基辛醛、1,8-辛二醇等物质,通过各种化学反应合成10-HDA。近年来,也出现了使用微生物生产10-HDA的方式,这种方法因其成本低、污染小的特性,迅速成为了研究热点。通过归纳总结10-HDA的理化性质、生理活性及生产10-HDA的各种方法,简要阐述了不同的生产方式的优缺点,并对其中存在的问题进行讨论和展望,旨在为10-HDA的深入研究提供借鉴与参考。 相似文献
992.
Zahra Andalibi Fazel;Hassan Elmkhah;Maryam Molaei;Nastaran Riahi-Noori;Arash Fattah-alhosseini; 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2024,21(6):4270-4279
The corrosion behavior of the TiN monolayer and CrN/TiN multilayer coatings deposited via cathodic arc evaporation physical vapor deposition (CAE-PVD) on the Ti–6Al–4V substrates were evaluated in Ringer's and Hank's physiological saline electrolytes. XRD (x-ray diffractometry) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were used to characterize the coatings. The corrosion behavior of coatings was assessed by impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of coatings was increased in the order of TiN-Ringer's < TiN-Hank's < CrN/TiN-Ringer's < CrN/TiN-Hank's. Therefore, it can be concluded that the CrN/TiN coating, due to having a large number of interfaces and a smoother surface with fewer macroparticles and pinholes, is more efficient in raising the corrosion resistance properties of titanium than TiN monolayer coating. Moreover, it was observed that Ringer's solution is a more severe environment than Hank's solution. Both coatings, because of the precipitation of a protective corrosion products layer on their surface, showed an enhancement in corrosion resistance with increasing the immersion time from 1 to 14 days in Hank's. The results suggest TiN monolayer and CrN/TiN multilayer coatings as promising candidates for biomedical applications. 相似文献
993.
通过学习空间点云数据的符号距离函数(Signed Distance Functions, SDFs)进行三维表面重建是当前的研究热点。为重建出高精度的水密模型,神经拉动(Neural-pull, NP)采用点云拉动,以训练同步更新SDFs,但在实际重建过程中,重建模型会因为点云存在噪声和缺失而导致重建结果不够精细,带来错误的表面重建。针对以上问题,引入边缘提取强化输入点云的边缘信息,提出利用残差学习机制的边缘强化神经拉动模型(Neural Pull based on Edge Enhancement, NPEE)。为确保重建表面平滑的同时能够获取更多的表面细节,该方法在保留原本神经网络用于学习SDFs的基础上引入一个新的网络,利用残差学习机制学习点云的边缘SDFs。同时在原始点云的基础上,引入边缘因子$ sigma $,结合学习的边缘SDFs,通过点云边缘的鲁棒提取强化输入点云。为验证算法模型的优化效果,采用目前广泛使用的ABC数据集、斯坦福扫描模型和模拟扫描数据集设计对比实验,实验结果以及评估指标(
994.
In this paper, two new analytical attractive (alpha) functions and their derivatives in bulk and nanoconfined pores are developed based on the virial equation of state (EOS) and statistical thermodynamics and are evaluated at different conditions for the first time. A cubic EOS is modified to nanometer scale and applied to predict the thermodynamic and phase properties in bulk and nanoconfined pores coupled with the new analytical alpha functions. The nanoscale-extended EOS coupled with the analytical alpha functions are validated to be accurate by means of the experimental data for the thermodynamic and phase calculations. The alpha functions and dimensionless attractive term A for the O2, Ar, CO2, N2, and C1-C10 are always positive and monotonically decrease with the temperature increases at T ≤ 2000 K in the bulk phase, whereas the second virial coefficients (B2) are always negative and increase with the temperature increases. Moreover, the alpha functions, A, and B2 for all of components remain constant with the decreasing pore radius until rp = 50 nm, the former two of which decrease while the latter one increases by further reducing the pore radius. It should be noted that the intermolecular attractive force (ie, A) is a function of the pressure, which is gradually increased at P ≤ 10 MPa though drastically increases afterwards. Also, the enhanced confinement effects lead the same-component intermolecular attractive forces to be smaller. The analytical formulations in the SRK type slightly outperform in the gaseous or light component cases, while those in the PR type are better for the heavy component cases in terms of the thermodynamic property calculations, both of which are compatible with the modified EOS and analytical alpha functions. 相似文献
995.
Dynamic façade systems can play an important role in the overall performance of the building by adjusting the amount of transmitted solar radiation into the room and responding to environmental conditions. This paper evaluates two types of dynamic facade systems under various control strategies and shows their influences on energy, visual comfort, and thermal comfort in an office building. This study looks into the simulated hourly/annual results of venetian blinds versus electrochromic glazing (EC) for an open office room with south-facing window shaded/operated by different control strategies such as manual, radiation-based, illuminance-based, and optimal control scenario, to indicate the overall capabilities and limitations of each shading system. Finally, results show that a well-engineered automatic control strategy can ensure visual and thermal comfort as well as total site energy savings up to 38 % for an EC glazing and up to 49 % for external venetian blinds. 相似文献
996.
Jaegeon Ryu Woo‐Jin Song Sangyeop Lee Sungho Choi Soojin Park 《Advanced functional materials》2020,30(2)
The imperative to electrify the transport sector in the past few decades has put millions of electric vehicles on the road worldwide with an extended mile range from critical technological breakthroughs in developing the rechargeable energy storage systems, which also covers electronic devices and smart grid applications. However, the available energy density of prevailing systems in the market (i.e., batteries) is reaching its boundaries due to the limited choice of electrochemical reactions that necessarily depend on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the components (e.g., cathode, anode, electrolyte, separator, and current collectors). Reaching the high energy density of batteries exploits new redox chemistry such as sensitive metal anodes, insulating and highly dissolving sulfur cathodes, etc., thus requiring novel designs of various multiscale functional materials to address the corresponding issues. Here, the recent achievements on the designs of smart functional materials for emerging problems in the whole range of systems are discussed: i) interfacial control/kinetic regulation of Li–S battery; ii) self‐healing‐driven structural stability in the electrode and electrolyte; iii) ion‐sieving functional membranes for selective scavenging capability; and iv) functional materials to ensure battery safety. 相似文献
997.
Skin vision can be found in many invertebrates, such as earthworms, jellyfish, and octopuses using light‐sensitive rod cells in the skin. It enables optical perception and colorimetric responses, providing intriguing capabilities that human skin does not have. A bioinspired wireless, battery‐free, artificial skin vision (ASV) device consisting of flexible optical and optoelectronic components which essentially mimic the hierarchical structures and biological functions of rod cells in a skin‐like configuration for light sensing and signal processing is developed. The ASV device can collect sweat with integrated microfluidic channels and allow real‐time measurement of on‐skin fluids by monitoring the intrinsic optical properties via a customizable microprism light filter. The device also shows sensitive colorimetric responses to input stimulus at chosen detection wavelengths and demonstrates a capacity for in situ quantitative analysis of biomarkers in sweat through alternative colorimetric light filters. Multiple ASVs together create a body area network with a collection of wireless sensors that can work in parallel to acquire multidimensional human physiological signals and predict fitness variations using a specified deep learning neural network. The system has potential applications in biomimetic engineering, physiological monitoring, and intelligent personalized diagnostics. 相似文献
998.
Wenjuan Liu Xiao Chen Xiaolong Lu Joseph Wang Yanan Zhang Zhongwei Gu 《Advanced functional materials》2020,30(39)
Controllable actuation and coordinating motion of artificial self‐propelled micro/nanomotors to mimic the motile natural microorganism systems are of great significance for constructing intelligent nanoscale machines. In particular, inorganic oxide particles have shown considerable promise in implementation of synthetic micro/nanomotors, due to their unique features and active response to environmental stimuli. This work critically reviews the recent progress in inorganic oxide‐based micro/nanomotors and focuses on their propulsion response to chemical and physical stimuli, especially emphasizing and discussing operating principles in the single engine, adaptive navigation under composite‐driven powers, and intriguing collective behaviors. The impact of oxide structure, multiple fields in motion controllability, and interaction between grouped micro/nanomotors are explored. Practical applications of individual and assembled micro/nanomotors in environmental and biomedical fields are demonstrated, including the removal of pollutants, drug delivery, cancer therapy, and in vivo imaging. Finally, current challenges for the development of novel micro/nanomotors and possible constraints toward the defined structure and accumulated toxicity are discussed along with future opportunities and directions. Owing to their facile synthesis, impressive physicochemical performances, high biocompatibility, and versatile actuations, it is expected that the association of inorganic oxides with micro/nanomotors will bring new and unique capabilities to the field of active matter. 相似文献
999.
Muhammad Iqbal Heiko Gimperlein Omar Laghrouche Khurshid Alam M. Shadi Mohamed Muhammad Abid 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2020,121(12):2727-2746
In this article, a study of residual based a posteriori error estimation is presented for the partition of unity finite element method (PUFEM) for three-dimensional (3D) transient heat diffusion problems. The proposed error estimate is independent of the heuristically selected enrichment functions and provides a useful and reliable upper bound for the discretization errors of the PUFEM solutions. Numerical results show that the presented error estimate efficiently captures the effect of h-refinement and q-refinement on the performance of PUFEM solutions. It also efficiently reflects the effect of ill-conditioning of the stiffness matrix that is typically experienced in the partition of unity based finite element methods. For a problem with a known exact solution, the error estimate is shown to capture the same solution trends as obtained by the classical L2 norm error. For problems with no known analytical solutions, the proposed estimate is shown to be used as a reliable and efficient tool to predict the numerical errors in the PUFEM solutions of 3D transient heat diffusion problems. 相似文献
1000.
Deepak K. Gupta Fred van Keulen Matthijs Langelaar 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2020,121(3):450-476
Multiresolution topology optimization (MTO) methods involve decoupling of the design and analysis discretizations, such that a high-resolution design can be obtained at relatively low analysis costs. Recent studies have shown that the MTO method can be approximately 3 and 30 times faster than the traditional topology optimization method for two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) problems, respectively. To further exploit the potential of decoupling analysis and design, we propose a dp-adaptive MTO method, which involves locally increasing/decreasing the polynomial degree of the shape functions (p) and the design resolution (d). The adaptive refinement/coarsening is performed using a composite refinement indicator that includes criteria based on analysis error, presence of intermediate densities, as well as the occurrence of design artifacts referred to as QR-patterns. While standard MTO must rely on filtering to suppress QR-patterns, the proposed adaptive method ensures efficiently that these artifacts are suppressed in the final design, without sacrificing the design resolution. The applicability of the dp-adaptive MTO method is demonstrated on several 2D mechanical design problems. For all the cases, significant speedups in computational time are obtained. In particular for design problems involving low material volume fractions, speedups of up to a factor of 10 can be obtained over the conventional MTO method. 相似文献