Study on the fingerprint profile of Monascus products with HPLC–FD,PAD and MS

Monascus products have been widely used as food additives and pharmaceuticals. Citrinin is a toxic metabolite produced during the Monascus fermentation. In this work, a quick extraction method with ultrasonic treatment was studied for a complete extraction of citrinin from the fungi cells. Furthermore, the proposed HPLC method has the advantage of the simultaneous determination of Monascus pigments and citrinin without sample pretreatment. Under the optimized HPLC conditions, a baseline resolution of pigments, citrinin and other catabolites was achieved. The detection limit of citrinin reached 0.5 ng mL⁻¹ (S/N > 3/1) with a fluorescence detector (FD). Eight Monascus pigments were detected, with photodiode array detector (PAD), two of which not yet described. The HPLC fingerprint profile of the eight Monascus pigments and citrinin appears significant for the quality control of the Monascus product.     

基于紫外可见光谱技术和色素组成区分橄榄油与其他食用油

目的 通过紫外可见光谱技术和色素组成,探究区分橄榄油与其他食用油的方法。方法 选择市售橄榄油(特级初榨橄榄油、混合橄榄油)和其他食用油(菜籽油、玉米油、葵花籽油、大豆油、花生油、调和油)作为研究对象,分别在220~800 nm的波长范围内进行全光谱扫描以及在波长为450 nm和670 nm处进行光度测量;通过比较不同食用油的紫外可见吸收光谱并结合主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)和偏最小二乘法判别(partial least squares discriminant analysis, PLS-DA)对不同橄榄油和其他食用油进行比较区分。结果 通过观察比较各食用油紫外可见吸收光谱的最大吸收波长所在位置,可以对不同食用油进行初步区分。并且PCA和PLS-DA结果显示,以波长450 nm和670 nm处的吸光度A450和A670以及A450/A670为变量,可用于区分不同橄榄油和其他食用油。结论 基于紫外可见光谱技术对不同食用油中色素的检测结果可以对食用油进行分类,并且A450、A670和A450/A670可以作为区分橄榄油与其他食用油的标记。     

红曲发酵液中水溶性红曲黄色素的吸附分离

本文考察不同极性大孔树脂、离子交换树脂、活性炭及硅胶等吸附介质对红曲菌深层发酵液中水溶性红曲黄色素的吸附分离性能。结果显示非极性大孔树脂DA201-C效果最好,该吸附过程符合Freundlich方程,吸附动力学符合准一级动力学模型,表明吸附不受单层吸附的限制;液膜扩散是吸附主要限速步骤,扩散速率常数为0.16 min-1。通过静态和动态吸附洗脱条件优化,运用SPSS对数据进行分析,发现静态吸附、解吸料液比为1:2,吸附、解吸时间15 min,解吸液100%乙醇,酸性条件解吸效果较好;动态吸附解吸流速为0.25 BV/min条件下,可得到高回收率（96.99%）、脱盐率（99.44%）和脱糖率（92.52%）的水溶性红曲黄色素,经初步扩大实验显示吸附解吸性能稳定。大孔树脂DA201-C分离纯化发酵液中水溶性红曲黄色素操作简单、快速、放大性能好,具有很好的工业化生产应用价值。     

普洱茶茶色素对HepG2细胞脂质代谢的影响及作用机理

以正常培养和油酸诱导培养的人肝癌细胞系(human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line,Hep G2)细胞为模型,通过测定普洱茶茶色素对Hep G2细胞内甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)和总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)含量,细胞中脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)、固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c(sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c,SREBP-1c)、三磷酸腺苷结合转运子A1(ATP binding cassette transporter A1,ABCA1)、胆固醇7α-羟化酶(cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase,CYP7A1)的转录水平,磷酸化腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(phospho-AMPactivated protein kinase,p-AMPK)的蛋白表达水平研究普洱茶茶色素的减肥降脂作用机制。结果显示,普洱茶茶色素能明显降低油酸诱导的Hep G2细胞模型中TG和TC含量,作用程度依赖于普洱茶的作用质量浓度。但对正常培养的Hep G2的TG、TC作用影响不显著。经过普洱茶茶色素作用油酸诱导Hep G2细胞24 h后,能显著下调细胞的FAS和SREBP-1c的m RNA表达水平(P0.05),显著上调ABCA1的转录水平(P0.05),且使CYP7A1的转录水平呈上升趋势,并显著上调p-AMPK蛋白的表达量(P0.05)。因此,普洱茶茶色素可通过调控上述调控因子和酶的表达而改善油酸诱导下Hep G2细胞的脂质代谢水平。     

Changes in Pigments and Volatiles of Saffron ( Crocus sativusL) During Processing and Storage

Significant variations were observed in the concentration of pigments (10·0–17·0%, moisture-free basis) and flavour components during different post-harvest processing conditions of saffron (stigmas ex Crocus sativus L). The crocin pigments concentration was highest (15–17%) in the saffron samples dried between 35°C and 50°C either in a solar dryer or in an oven dryer and this also resulted in considerable reduction of normal drying time. Under these conditions the main flavouring component, safranal, was at its peak value of 60% in the oil in almost all the samples except the vacuum oven dried samples which interestingly contained 4-β-hydroxysafranal in major amounts. Studies indicated that 4-β-hydroxysafranal may be an intermediate in the formation of safranal. It was observed that prolonged storage affected the pigments and flavour concentration to a great extent, but proper packaging and storage with 5% moisture in the saffron reduced the deterioration, thereby increasing the shelflife of the product.     

玻璃和玉石之路—兼论先秦硅酸盐质文物的中、外文化和技术交流(英文)

重点介绍了中国古代玻璃的产生与发展和参与中、外文化和技术的交流。列举了出土于新疆拜城克孜尔的中国境内最早的玻璃珠是属于吸收古代西方制造玻璃的方法和玻璃的成分配方在当地制造的,时间在西周末和春秋初(1000～800B.C.)。中国最早的镶嵌(蜻蜓眼)玻璃珠是出土于河南淅川徐家岭和湖北随县擂鼓墩墓地,年代属战国初期(～500 B.C.)。从最近的分析研究表明,属于从西方引进的,它促进了200年后中国古代自制的镶嵌玻璃的产生。讨论了中国古代玉石和颜料的来源与中外交往的关系。分析了古代绿松石、软玉和作颜料的金青石的中国和国外的产地和来源以及历史上使用的情况,认为中国的古代绿松石有可能来自波斯(古代伊朗),时间在西周以前(>1500B.C.);而青金石来自阿富汗,时间在春秋战国之际(800～200 B.C.)。指出中国中原在夏、商之间玉器的玉料突然以透闪石型软玉为主,认为玉料来自新疆和田。根据考古资料,提出在公元前1 500～500年间古代玻璃器以及玉石材料从西向东和从北到南的转移线路图,这也是以古代草原之路为基础,从西亚和中亚进入中国内地。讨论了原史时期欧亚间的游牧部落的来往和技术交流的作用。     

Mechanisms of non-toxic anticorrosive pigments in organic waterborne coatings

Investigations have been carried out concerning the mechanism of the behaviour of non-toxic anticorrosive pigments belonging to the group of phosphates, ferrites and ion exchange pigments in waterborne systems. The mechanism controlling the protective effectiveness of organic coatings is complex and results from simultaneous activity of various agents, from among which the kind of the corrosion inhibitor and the structure of the coating are of fundamental importance. The effect of pigments on the protective properties of coatings was tested by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) as well as the salt spray and Prohesion tests. For the investigation of the structure of coatings the porosymetric method and modulated-force thermomechanical analysis (mf TMA) were applied. The results of these investigations have shown that calcium zinc phosphate and zinc ferrite are the most effective. These pigments take part in the passivation of steel, which has been proved by the results of electrochemical investigations and by the presence of the passive layers as has been found out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Calcium zinc phosphate and zinc ferrite affect the structure of the coatings, increasing the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the coatings. Zinc phosphate and calcium-exchanged silica do not act in compliance with electrochemical mechanism neither do they improve the barrier properties of the binder.     

粉体材料在涂料中的应用技术Ⅰ

涂料用颜填料、粉体助剂和纳米材料统称粉体材料。本文重点介绍不同结构及性能的颜填料组合后的复配改性技术和协同增效技术,有效地提升涂料配方设计水平和涂料产品应用效能,为科学合理地选择颜填料提出了指导性的可操作方法。     

Turquoise blue nanocrystalline pigment based on Li1.33Ti1.66O4: Synthesis and characterization

Turquoise blue Li_1.33Ti_1.66O₄ is an environmentally friendly inorganic pigment, it was synthesized using the sol-gel method. The particle size was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and through high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), obtaining an average diameter of 27.5 ± 3 nm. The pigment shows a brilliant turquoise blue color, due to Ti³⁺-Ti⁴⁺ intervalence charge transfer transitions and presents thermal stability up to 1000 °C. The Li_1.33Ti_1.66O₄ nanoparticles were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The color properties and the thermal stability of this pigment suggest that it has potential to be applied as a satisfactory pigment for cosmetics, plastics, glasses and inks.     

由苊衍生的有机颜料产品及其开发应用

本文全面系统综述了由苊衍生的有机颜料产品,重点介绍了以苊为起始原料制得的苝系有机颜料、蒽醌稠环酮类蒽缔蒽酮有机颜料、苉酮系有机颜料,列出了主要品种的化学结构、化学名称、CAS登记号及欧共体登记号。简单介绍了它们的合成工艺路线和生产现状,展望了发展前景。