Effect of extraction method and ripening stage on banana peel pigments

Carotenoids are one of the most widespread pigments in nature and can be used as health‐promoting natural food colorants. Banana peel, which is a by‐product of banana processing, contains a range of bioactive compounds including carotenoids. There is no published research on the extraction of food‐grade carotenoids from banana peels. This study evaluated the change in the banana peel carotenoid content over its ripening stages and determined the best possible solvent to extract carotenoid for food applications. The solvents permitted under Food Standard Australia New Zealand were used in the study. Ripeness stage 5 contained the highest content of total carotene at 1.86 μg g^?1 of banana peel. From one gram of banana peel, 0.57 μg of xanthophyll and 0.84 μg of beta‐carotene were extracted from ripening stage 5 with a solvent combination of hexane–diethyl ether–acetone and hexane–diethyl ether, respectively.     

调配型桑椹饮料的研制

研究了桑椹、菠萝饮料的工艺。注重提高桑椹饮料的口味和营养价值，并指出了工艺过程的重要环节和技术参数。     

蒲公英、菠萝天然饮料的生产工艺研究

本研究以蒲公英、菠萝为主要原料,加以柠檬酸、蜂蜜等辅料,经科学加工制成具有独特风味和很高营养价值的天然饮料。对蒲公英、菠萝复合保健饮料的生产工艺、配方和技术关键进行了研究。通过正交试验及方差分析,确定出该饮品的最佳组合方式为A3D4C4E2B2即澄清的蒲公英菠萝复合汁45ml,蜂蜜2ml,柠檬酸0.15g、柠檬酸钾0.1g、蔗糖0.3g、水为52.45ml(上述均为质量百分数)。通过实验,还确定出产品最适稳定剂配方:CMC-Na为0.02%。     

The effect of homogenisation on the stability of pineapple pulp

Pineapple pulp was homogenised at different pressures, and its stability investigated by way of flow curves, particle size distribution, morphology, cloudiness and sedimentation. The particle size of the homogenised pulp ranged from 400 to 100 μm for homogenisation pressures of between 0 and 700 bar. The pineapple pulp showed shear thinning behaviour with increasing flow index (n) after processing at higher pressures. In addition, the pulps with smaller particles showed less serum cloudiness, even though the sedimentation tests showed the highest stability for pulp homogenised between 200 and 300 bar. Above 400 bar, the pulp showed phase separation and higher sedimentation indexes, similar to that observed for the untreated samples, which was attributed to the formation of aggregates because of interparticle attraction.     

新鲜与干制柑橘皮果胶物化特性比较分析

以柑橘皮为原料,分析、比较新鲜柑橘皮果胶（fresh citrus pectin,FCP）与干制柑橘皮果胶（dried citruspectin,DCP）的物化特性差异。采用传统酸法结合金属螯合剂（六偏磷酸钠）分别从新鲜、干制柑橘皮中提取得到果胶FCP、DCP,测定FCP和DCP的物化特性参数,包括水分、灰分、酸不溶灰分和蛋白含量等基本理化指标,以及半乳糖醛酸含量、酯化度、胶凝度、分子质量和表观黏度等果胶品质评价指标。结果表明：FCP与DCP的基本理化性质相差不大,FCP半乳糖醛酸含量、酯化度、胶凝度和分子质量分别为77.29%、67.5%、179.8和158.8 kD,而DCP对应的值依次为74.98%、66.7%、153和109.1 kD,FCP表观黏度值高于DCP。新鲜和干制柑橘皮果胶品质存在一定差异,特别是作为果胶品质重要参考指标的胶凝度,FCP要高于DCP,而这可能与FCP的分子质量较高有关,但两者的半乳糖醛酸含量和酯化度均符合果胶品质的国家标准GB25533-2010《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂》要求。     

在酿造酱油中应用荸荠皮提取物抗菌效果的研究

用比浊法和平板菌落计数法测定酿造酱油中菌数的变化,研究荸荠皮提取物在酱油中的抗菌效果。结果表明,在酿造酱油中荸荠皮提取物具有较强的抗菌效力,37℃下,28d内酿造酱油中0.1%荸荠皮提取物的抑菌率在90%以上,与常用的食品防腐剂相比其抗菌效果优于苯甲酸钠,与山梨酸钾相近。     

柑桔皮中非水溶性膳食纤维的提取及特性研究

本研究将乙醇脱色法和中性洗涤法结合提取柑橘皮中的非水溶性膳食纤维,其最佳提取工艺为：料水比1:30,提取温度70℃,提取时间90min。结果表明：持水性、膨胀性随温度增加而增加,随着氯化钠溶液、葡萄糖溶液浓度的增加而降低。在中性条件下有一定的持水力和膨胀性;偏酸或偏碱条件能促进其持水性和膨胀性的增加,但在过酸或过碱条件下,其持水性和膨胀性均呈现下降趋势。     

奉节脐橙果皮褐变的调控技术研究

以奉园72-1 脐橙为材料,研究了田间喷钙、套袋处理、延迟采收、打蜡等对果实常温贮藏期间果皮褐变率和果实品质的影响。结果表明,田间喷钙结合套袋处理可显著降低果实贮藏期间的果皮褐变率(p<0.01),钙处理还显著提高了果面的红色,改善果实商品性;而延迟采收和打蜡均极显著地增加果皮褐变率(p<0.01);说明果树缺钙、涂蜡和不适采收期都是引发脐橙果皮褐变的重要因素。     

UPLC法测定香蕉、皇帝蕉皮及其果肉中羽扇豆酮含量

目的:建立超高效液相色谱法分离和测定不同收集期的香蕉和皇帝蕉皮及其果肉中羽扇豆酮含量的方法,并优化提取条件。方法:采用甲醇回流提取法对2种蕉皮及其果肉的羽扇豆酮进行提取分离,减压浓缩,选用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm),流动相为乙腈-水(85∶15,V/V)溶液,流速0.3 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长206 nm。结果:香蕉和皇帝蕉果肉中均未检测出羽扇豆酮,但2种蕉皮中有较高含量的羽扇豆酮,并且在16.70~59.96 mg/100 mL质量浓度范围内有良好线性关系(r=0.999 6),羽扇豆酮平均回收率为99.00%,相对标准偏差为3.0%。结论:该法回收率高、重复性好,且具有专属性强、准确性高和简便快捷等特点,适用于香蕉、皇帝蕉皮中羽扇豆酮的含量测定。