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71.
Seong-Min Lee 《Metals and Materials International》2006,12(6):513-516
Based on empirical data, the present work provides a model to prevent filler-induced reliability degradation in plastic-encapsulated
LOC (lead-on-chip) packages. According to the model, the maximum size of the silica fillers included in the plastic package
body should be smaller than one half of the inter-distance between the device and its overlying lead-frame. In particular,
it is shown in the model that the spherical silica particles, which are sometimes trapped in the space between the top surface
of the device and the bottom of the lead-frame during the encapsulating process, can induce huge compressive stress on a specific
site of the integrated circuit pattern due to the thermal shrinkage of the plastic package body. Further, the present model
suggests that tiny fillers squeezed beneath a large trapping filler might directly attack the brittle layer of the device
pattern because the compressive force from the large filler particle can develop into huge compressive stress due to the reduced
load-carrying area. 相似文献
72.
73.
Microstructural change of ultrafine-grained aluminum during high-speed plastic deformation 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
N. Tsuji T. Toyoda Y. Minamino Y. Koizumi T. Yamane M. Komatsu M. Kiritani 《Materials Science and Engineering: A》2003,350(1-2):108-116
Effect of strain rate on microstructural change in deformation of the ultrafine grained (UFG) aluminum produced by severe plastic deformation (SPD) was studied. Commercial purity 1100 aluminum sheets were highly strained up to an equivalent strain of 4.8 by the Accumulative Roll-Bonding (ARB) process at ambient temperature. The ARB-processed sheets were found to be filled with pancake-shaped ultrafine grains surrounded by high-angle grain boundaries. The ultrafine grains had a mean grain thickness of 200 nm and a mean grain length of 1100 nm. The ultrafine-grained aluminum sheets were deformed at various strain rates ranging from 2 to 6.0×104 s−1 by conventional rolling, ultra-high-speed rolling, and impact compression. High-speed plastic deformation generates a large amount of heat, inducing coarsening of the ultrafine grains during and after deformation. On the other hand, it was also suggested that high-speed plastic deformation is effective for grain-subdivision, in other words, ultra-grain refinement, if the effect of heat generation is extracted. 相似文献
74.
H.‐G. Boyen G. Kstle K. Zürn T. Herzog F. Weigl P. Ziemann O. Mayer C. Jerome M. Mller J.P. Spatz M.G. Garnier P. Oelhafen 《Advanced functional materials》2003,13(5):359-364
Starting with Co‐salt‐loaded inverse micelles, which form if the diblock copolymer polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) is dissolved in a selective solvent like toluene and CoCl2 is added to the solution, monomicellar arrays of such micelles exhibiting a significant hexagonal order can be prepared on top of various substrates with tailored intermicellar distances and structure heights. In order to remove the polymer matrix and to finally obtain arrays of pure Co nanoparticles, the micelles are first exposed to an oxygen plasma, followed by a treatment in a hydrogen plasma. Applying in‐situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that: 1) The oxygen plasma completely removes the polymer, though conserving the original order of the micellar array. Furthermore, the resulting nanoparticles are entirely oxidized with a chemical shift of the Co 2p3/2 line pointing to the formation of Co3O4. 2) By the subsequent hydrogen plasma treatment the nanoparticles are fully reduced to metallic Co. 3) By exposing the pure Co nanoparticles for 100 s to various oxygen partial pressures pequation/tex2gif-inf-5.gif, a stepwise oxidation is observed with a still metallic Co core surrounded by an oxide shell. The data allow the extraction of the thickness of the oxide shell as a function of the total exposure to oxygen (pequation/tex2gif-inf-7.gif × time), thus giving the opportunity to control the ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic composition of an exchange‐biased magnetic system. 相似文献
75.
This paper presents results of numerical simulations for impact effects in panel-like structures using solid and shell element modeling techniques. Three examples from experiments in literature have been numerically analyzed. The nonlinear transient dynamic analysis code, LS-DYNA is used in the simulations to model projectiles and panel-like targets. It is found that models established for panel-like targets using solid shell elements cannot only save significant computational effort, but also produce good results as long as the panel-like targets satisfy certain conditions. A criterion that governs the validity of modeling panel-like targets with shell elements is proposed in the paper. 相似文献
76.
77.
M. M. I. HAMMOUDA I. G. EL-BATANONY H. E. M. SALLAM 《Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures》2003,26(7):627-639
An understanding into the macro kinetic and kinematic behaviour of fretted surfaces is provided. Making use of a modified version of a previously developed in‐house two‐dimensional elastic–plastic finite element analysis numerically simulates flat contact pad fretting fatigue tests. Basic macro mechanics concepts are adopted to idealise two bodies with rough contact surfaces and loaded at two different sites with arbitrary axial loading profiles. A time scale factor is devised to recognise the earliest candidate out of the events possibly accommodated at each loading increment. The present analysis utilises a relevant experimental set up developed in the Structural Integrity Research Institute of the University of Sheffield as an application. Computational results accurate to within 1.2% and corresponding to one contact pad span and six constant normal loads acting individually with four amplitudes of two sinusoidal axial load cycles are presented. The present computations include (1) the development of the global and local normal and tangential reactions and relative sliding displacement acting along the fretting surfaces and (2) contact pad deformation, generated stress fields and plasticity development within the neighbouring region of the fretted area. 相似文献
78.
79.
定向凝固空心叶片制壳工艺的改进 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析了在先进发动机定向凝固空心叶片熔模精密铸造生产中出现两种缺陷的性质和产生原因,从壳型制造工艺方面提出了改进措施,提高了叶片合格率。 相似文献
80.
This paper describes a method of analyzing the maximum buckling strength of hybrid-fiber multilayer-sandwich cylindrical shells under external lateral pressure with respect to fiber orientations and weighting factors. Formulae for optimizing these parameters are presented and conditions for the application of these formulae are discussed. A discriminant is derived for assessing whether the hybrid sandwich cylindrical shells for given different unidirectional composites should reach the extreme value of critical pressure. 相似文献