SiO2/胶原水解物-聚乙烯醇杂化复合膜的制备与性能

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法原位制备了SiO2/胶原水解物-聚乙烯醇杂化复合膜(SiO2/CH-PVA杂化膜).通过溶胀、热重(TG)、红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和拉伸实验,考察了SiO2对杂化膜性能的影响.结果表明,SiO2的引入减小了膜的平衡溶胀度,减缓了膜的溶胀速率,有效地抑制...     

新型耐高温复合反渗透膜的制备与性能

以杂萘联苯聚芳醚腈酮超滤膜为基膜,间苯二胺作为水相单体、均苯三甲酰氯作为有机相单体,通过界面聚合法制备了新型耐高温聚芳香酰胺复合反渗透膜.研究了单体浓度、反应时间对膜性能的影响,用扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱仪表征了界面聚合反应前后膜表面形貌和化学结构的变化,并对膜的耐高温性能进行了考察.随着操作温度从20℃升高到95℃,膜的脱盐率保持在97.9%,通量从7.4 L/(m~2·h)上升至31.4 L/(m~2·h);膜在沸水中煮沸至3 h,其脱盐率基本不变而通量先增加后趋于稳定,表明杂萘联苯聚芳醚腈酮复合反渗透膜具有优良的耐高温性能.     

生物可降解聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯纤维的制备及其环境降解性能

为研究生物可降解聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)的可纺性及纤维降解性能,采用熔融纺丝-牵伸二步法制得生物可降解PBAT纤维,研究了纺丝温度、牵伸倍数对PBAT纤维结晶度、回潮率、力学性能的影响,对比分析了PBAT纤维在不同环境下的降解性能.结果 表明:PBAT的最佳纺丝温度为260℃,且随着牵伸倍数的增加,PB...     

拉伸残余应力对聚偏氟乙烯纤维力学性能的影响

为得到高断裂强度的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)纤维,在后处理过程中利用拉伸产生的残余应力对其进行定长处理实验。探究了该处理过程中最优的工艺条件参数,并利用热分析法、红外光谱法、X射线衍射法和应力拉伸实验等测试手段对纤维的晶体结构、晶区取向、晶粒尺寸、结晶度和力学性能进行测试与分析。结果表明：在残余应力作用的后处理过程中,PVDF发生了α晶型向β晶型的进一步转变,β晶型的含量从74.6%增加到88.7%;结晶度从49.4%增加到52.3%;晶区的取向程度提高,取向因子从0.793 2增加到0.833 4;纤维的断裂强度提升明显,特别在60 °C的水浴下处理3h 时,断裂强度可达到最大值633 MPa,相比未处理前提高了70 MPa。     

Moisturizing effect of vesicles formed from monoglycerides on human skin

The moisturizing effect of vesicles formed from monoglycerides on human skin was studied by measurement of conductance on and transepidermal waterloss from the skin surface. Although sonication of the monoglycerides in water with Ca2+ gave multilamellar vesicles, the lamellar structure of the vesicles disappeared during their storage without any other additive. With the addition of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) after the sonication, the stability of the vesicles increased and their lamellar structure was maintained for 3 months at 40 degrees C. These vesicles led to a significantly higher water content of the stratum corneum of human skin compared with non-lamellar monoglyceride, and consequently they improved rough human skin.     

聚噁二唑耐高温滤材的制备及其应用性能研究

以耐高温聚噁二唑纤维为原料,通过针刺法制备聚噁二唑针刺非织造布,再经系列后整理与缝制得到聚噁二唑耐高温过滤袋,将其应用于耐高温过滤领域,取得了初步效果.在研究耐高温阻燃聚噁二唑纤维相关性能的基础上,重点研究耐高温聚噁二唑滤材应用前后的过滤性能与力学性能的变化.结果表明:耐高温聚噁二唑纤维可广泛应用于高温烟气粉尘过滤领域,其滤材具有耐热性能好、拉伸强度高、孔径分布集中均一、过滤阻力小、过滤效率高等优点,可在高温烟气过滤领域长期使用.     

聚甲基丙烯酸酯/聚丙烯酸酯共混纤维膜制备及其油水分离性能

为实现水污染体系中油水的高效分离,采用溶液聚合法合成丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯共聚物,以共混溶液为纺丝液,采用静电纺丝技术制备得到可用于分离不同油水混合物的微结构可调的纤维膜材料,并研究其对不同油水混合物的分离能力。结果表明:2种共聚物溶液以体积比为3∶7共混后制得的纤维膜对柴油/水、葵花籽油/水混合物的分离效果显著;针对上述2种油水混合物,重复使用共混纤维膜5和7次时,共混纤维膜对2种油水混合物的分离时间分别低于390、110 s;将四氢呋喃引入上述共混溶液继续调节静电纺纤维膜的微结构,所得纤维膜可快速将高黏度乳化油从水中分离出来。     

可生物降解聚碳酸亚丙酯/聚丙烯非织造布切片制备及其性能

采用熔融共混法制备可生物降解聚碳酸亚丙酯（PPC）/聚丙烯（PP）熔喷无纺布切片,研究原料比例、共混温度、共混时间、共混转速对PPC/PP切片力学性能的影响,并研究PPC与PP比例对PPC/PP切片熔体流动速率、特性粘度,热学性能、微观形貌、降解性能的影响。结果表明：原料比例对力学性能的影响最大,在原料质量比PPC:PP为7:3、共混温度为175℃,共混时间为5min、转速为35r?min-1制备的PPC/PP切片,拉伸强度为13.02MPa,熔体流动速率为3494 g?(10min)-1。原料质量比PPC:PP为6:4时,熔体流动速率为1563g?(10min)-1,符合熔喷无纺布要求。PPC/PP切片热分解温度比PPC有较大幅度的提高,说明PP的加入提高了PPC/PP切片的热稳定性;扫描电镜图显示质量比PPC：PP为7:3的PPC/PP切片存在较少的凹陷或空洞,相容性较好,在磷酸缓冲液中降解30d后降解率达3.62%。     

Preparation and characterization of a temperature-sensitive nonwoven poly (propylene) with antibacterial properties

In this study, a temperature-sensitive fabric with antibacterial properties was prepared by the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on nonwoven poly (propylene) (PP) grafted with poly (N-iso-propylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm-PP). First, PNIPAAm was grafted onto corona-treated nonwoven PP. Afterwards, silver nanoparticles were synthesized on the temperature-sensitive hydrogel layer grafted to the surface of nonwoven PP by the reduction of silver ions (Ag⁺). Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy confirmed the presence of PNIPAAm on the nonwoven PP. scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to investigate surface morphology and the presence of silver particles in the samples. Inductively coupled-plasma atomic emission spectroscopy revealed that the Ag content in Ag-functionalized PNIPAAm-PP was significantly higher than Ag-functionalized corona-treated PP with the same concentration of silver solution. Moreover, the results of the swelling rate experiment confirmed that PNIPAAm-PP maintained temperature-sensitive properties after functionalizing with Ag. The results showed that the formation of AgNPs with enhancement in antibacterial property was possible onto PNIPAAm-PP.