制备高活性二氯四氨合钯(Ⅱ)的工艺研究

在旋转蒸发仪中,研究了二氯四氨合钯(Ⅱ)的制备方法,并探索了不同反应条件下二氯四氨合钯(Ⅱ)产品的钯含量。结果表明,四氯合钯酸在85℃下与氨水反应80 min为相对最优制备条件;在70℃下重结晶25 min为二氯四氨合钯(Ⅱ)最佳后续处理条件。     

3-十二烷氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵水溶液与烷烃的动态界面张力

用旋转滴法测定了3-十二烷氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵（R12TAC）水溶液与系列烷烃的动态界面张力（DIFT），考察了浓度、温度和烷烃链长对DIFT的影响，并详细表征了DIFT随时间的变化过程。根据修正的Word-Tordai方程计算了DIFT的有关参数。结果表明：R12TAC浓度越大，DIFT曲线越低，DIFT下降越快，达平衡值的时间越短；随R12TAC浓度的增大，表观扩散系数Da从2．02×10^-10m^-2·s^-1减小到0．14×10^10m^-2·s^-1，吸附势垒Ea从2．60kJ·mol^-1增大到9．32kJ·mol^-1；温度升高，DIFT降低，表观扩散系数Da升高，而吸附势垒降低；固定一种表面活性剂溶液，测定R12TAC／系列烷烃溶液的动态界面张力，发现R12TAC／正己烷体系的DIFT最低，这与表面活性剂在水和油中的溶船度有关。     

氯元素对燃煤烟气脱汞的影响研究进展

燃煤电厂是最主要的人为汞排放污染源,氯元素对汞的形态转化及脱除率有非常重要的影响。本文概述了燃煤电厂汞的释放特性和现有控制技术,从氯元素作为烟气组分、活性炭改性物以及燃料添加剂这3个方面详细阐述了氯对汞排放控制的影响。首先氯化氢作为烟气组分,对单质汞向氧化态汞的形态转化有促进作用,这有利于现有除尘、脱硫装置对烟气汞的脱除。含氯化合物改性活性炭吸附剂时,物理吸附和化学吸附同时存在,这能有效提高吸附剂对汞的吸附性能。氯化物作为燃煤添加剂也能有效促进烟气汞的氧化和脱除,其中氯元素在湿法脱硫废水中富集,如何把其利用到烟气汞的脱除对开发高效脱汞技术有重要的意义。同时,比较了以上3种氯添加方案的优缺点。最后指出,深入研究氯元素对汞作用机理是今后的研究方向。     

The far infra-red spectrum of poly(vinyl chloride)

The far infra-red spectrum of a poly(vinyl chloride) sample prepared by the urea clathrate (UC) route has been measured at various temperatures in the range 60 to 320 K. The results, taken in conjunction with those for two less highly ordered polymers, indicate that a revision of the assignments of earlier workers, based on normal coordinate calculations and on the measured spectra of secondary alkyl chlorides such as 2-chlorobutane, is required. The band at 65 cm^?1 is attributed to a lattice mode and is not indicative of weak hydrogen bonds of the type CH…ClC. However, it is suggested that the band at 185 cm^?1, which is particularly clear and sharp with the UC polymer, probably originates from an interaction of this type, occurring specifically at tight chain folds.     

氯离子测定方法及其应用研究

氯离子是环境监测的一项重要指标.皮革工业废水中氯离子含量很高,若不加处理直接排放,会对环境造成污染.本文总结了国内近些年来常用的氯离子的测定方法及其应用.     

氯化亚锡催化剂在酯化反应中的应用

本文采用氯化亚锡为催化剂，对醋酸和脂肪醇酯化制备醋酸酯进行了研究，找出了较为优化的工艺条件，获得了较高的酯化率和选择性。并对反应机理进行了探讨。     

Lifetime Assessment of Load‐Bearing Polymer Glasses: An Analytical Framework for Ductile Failure

The most widespread application of polymers in structural applications is their use as pipe material for e.g., gas distribution systems. Pipes have a design lifetime of typically 50 years, which rules out real‐time lifetime assessment methods. Here, an engineering approach is presented, which makes it possible to predict long‐term ductile failure of loaded glassy polymers based on short‐term tests. The approach is based upon the hypothesis that failure is governed by accumulation of plastic deformation up to a critical strain. A pressure‐modified Eyring relation is employed to calculate the accumulation of plastic strain for any simple loading geometry. It is demonstrated that the approach can produce accurate quantitative time‐to‐failure predictions for loaded PC specimens and uPVC pipe segments.

     

蓖麻油基热稳定剂制备及其在聚氯乙烯制品中的作用行为研究

将蓖麻油酸与马来酸酐、六氢苯酐分别制备了2种蓖麻油基二元酸,并合成出相应的新型蓖麻油基钙/锌(Ca/Zn)盐。通过刚果红法、电导率法和热重分析等方法研究了蓖麻油基Ca/Zn盐与传统的石油基异辛酸Ca/Zn盐分别在聚氯乙烯制品中的热稳定性能。结果表明,改性蓖麻油基二元酸锌不易“锌烧”,锌离子含量为2 %时,静态热稳定时间分别为9.8、9.2 min,异辛酸钙/蓖麻油基二元酸锌盐之间协同效应较为显著,且热稳定效果随Ca/Zn离子含量比的变化而变化。     

对氯间二甲酚合成新工艺

以间二甲酚和氯气为原料,在三氯化铝的催化下合成了对氯间二甲酚,最佳工艺条件为:四氯化碳70 mL,60℃下通氯反应90 m in,收率可以达61.1%。