界面聚合聚酰胺纳滤膜渗透选择性能优化的研究进展

纳滤因其分离效率高、操作压力低、环境友好等优点,在废水处理、海水淡化和工业分离纯化等众多领域有着重要的应用。界面聚合法制备的聚酰胺（PA）纳滤膜是最为常用的纳滤膜种类之一。然而界面聚合反应速度快,如何通过调控界面聚合过程,优化纳滤膜选择分离层的结构从而提高渗透选择性,以满足不同领域对纳滤膜需求仍是亟需解决的问题。本文从影响界面聚合单体扩散因素的角度出发,综述了近年来PA纳滤膜渗透选择性能优化的研究进展,包括新型PA纳滤膜、纳米材料/PA混合基质膜及超薄PA纳滤膜3个方面,探讨了选择分离层结构调控与纳滤膜渗透选择性能优化的关系,最后指出目前界面聚合制备高渗透选择性PA纳滤膜在规模化、稳定性及可控性存在的问题,并对未来界面聚合纳滤膜在微观结构和聚合过程调控方面的研究进行了展望。     

介孔分子硅剂改善茶浓缩膜结构特性应用研究

为有效提高功能性茶浓缩反渗透膜的回收效率和抗污性能,探究了3种介孔分子硅材料(MCM-41、SBA-15和MCFs)对浓缩膜面聚酰胺层聚合形成过程的结构影响。结果表明,添加质量分数0.02%经磺化预处理的MCM-41于间苯二胺水相可接枝酰氯基团,形成的聚酰胺结构层峰谷粗糙跨度仅为220 nm且交联紧致,膜抗拉伸强度增加37.8%;SBA-15和MCFs相膜面峰谷跨度达500~780 nm,横向褶皱和团聚,结构存在孔道塌陷;改性膜在3 h内对茶多酚、茶多糖、茶蛋白即可达到最大浓缩度,减少50%浓缩时间;MCM-41和SBA-15膜长时间运行的浓缩降率仅为2.8%~6.1%,48 h下降率比显示改性膜达标使用时长增加112.5%~137.5%,亲水性和抗污堵能力均大幅提升,可有效满足功能化茶浓缩精度。     

Silicate-based polymer-nanocomposite membranes for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells have emerged as a promising emission free technology to fulfill the existing power requirements of the 21st century. Nafion^® is the most widely accepted and commercialized membrane to date and possesses excellent electrochemical properties below 80 °C, under highly humidified conditions. However, a decrease in the proton conductivity of Nafion^® above 80 °C and lower humidity along with high membrane cost has prompted the development of new membranes and techniques. Addition of inorganic fillers, especially silicate-based nanomaterials, to the polymer membrane was utilized to partially overcome the aforementioned limitations. This is because of the lower cost, easy availability, high hydrophilicity and higher thermal stability of the inorganic silicates. Addition of silicates to the polymer membrane has also improved the mechanical, thermal and barrier properties, along with water uptake of the composite membranes, resulting in superior performance at higher temperature compared to that of the virgin membrane. However, the degrees of dispersion and interaction between the organic polymer and inorganic silicates play vital roles in improving the key properties of the membranes. Hence, different techniques and solvent media were used to improve the degrees of nanofiller dispersion and the physico-chemical properties of the membranes. This review focuses mainly on the techniques of silicate-based nanocomposite fabrication and the resulting impact on the membrane properties.     

锦纶6POY含油率对DTY加工性能的影响

探讨锦纶 6POY油剂特性 ,并用相关理论分析了 POY含油率对 DTY加工的影响。结果表明 :只有当 POY含油率适中时 ,才能有效控制 DTY加工中的“雪花”量 ,减少 DTY断头率且 POY含油率与上油均匀性均对 DTY质量有一定的影响 ;用 F -5 82油剂生产 90 dtex/2 4f锦纶 6POY的最佳上油条件为含油率 0 .45 %± 0 .0 5 %。     

石油发酵尼龙1012的合成及表征

用石油发酵方法制的十炭二元胺和十二碳了酸合成了石油发酵尼龙１０１２。红外光谱测定表明合成产物确为尼龙１０１２。测定了此经龙１０１２,测定了此种尼龙１０１２的物理力学性能和相对粘度,结果表明,石油发酵尼龙１０１２是一种性能优良的新型工程塑料。     

环氧化天然橡胶改性PA6/EPDM共混物

研究了环氧化天然橡胶（ENR）对聚酰胺6（PA6）／EPDM共混物的力学性能、热性能和结晶行为的影响。结果表明,ENR可以显著提高共混物的韧性,ENR含量为5％时共混物的制品冲击强度达14kJ/m^2,同时不会降低共混物的拉伸强度和维卡软化。DCS分析证明,共混物的相容性有所改善,共混物相界面间可能有PA6／ENR接枝共聚物产生。     

油墨用聚酰胺树脂概述

介绍了由二聚酸与二元胺为主要原料生产的聚酰胺树脂用于油墨的条件、国内外情况及发展趋势。     

PP固相接枝MAA 及其阴离子法接枝PA6的制备

用固相接枝的方法制备了接枝甲基丙烯酸的聚丙烯（PP-g-MAA),研究了固相接枝的条件,用红外光谱表征了PP-g-MAA接枝物,利用PP-g-MAA接枝链上的羧基与2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯反应的产物进行阴离子接枝聚酰胺（PA）6,阴离子法制备了PP/PA6接枝物。结果表明,本方法成功地制备了PP-g-PA6接枝物,并用红外光谱,差示扫描量热仪表征其结构。     

The Complexation between Amide Groups of Polyamide‐6 and Polysulfides in the Lithium–Sulfur Battery

Lithium–sulfur batteries have attracted considerable attention due to its high theoretical specific capacity, low cost, environmental friendliness, etc. However, the dissolution of polysulfide intermediate in the electrolyte leads to rapid capacity decay in the charge–discharge process. A sulfur‐based cathode with the specific discharge capacity of 630 mAh g⁻¹ and ultrahigh capacity retention ratio of 0.11% per cycle after 400 cycles at 0.5 C that simply blend the sublimed sulfur and acetylene black in the mortar with the polyamide‐6 (PA6) as binder is reported. The intense complexation between the lithium polysulfide and amide groups ( CO NH ) in PA6 can effectively inhibit the “shuttling effect” and reduce the loss of active materials during the charge–discharge process. The discovery provides a handy and practicable strategy for developing the excellent cycling stability lithium–sulfur batteries.

     

Comparative performance of carbon nanotube and nanoclay on thermal properties and flammability behavior of amorphous polyamide/SEBS blend

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNT) or montmorillonite clay (MMT-30B) were added to a poly(hexamethylene isophthalamide-co-terephthalamine) (an amorphous polyamide - aPA) and styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene graphitized with maleic anhydride (SEBS) blend, in different concentrations, in order to investigate the morphology, thermal properties and flammability behavior. Different nanoparticle localizations in the phase blend were observed through transmission electronic microscopy. CNT nanoparticles are localized in SEBS phase, and MMT-30B nanoparticles in aPA phase. No significant changes were observed on transition temperatures and thermal stability with both nanoparticle additions. However, a slight increase on storage modulus for clay nanocomposites and a slight reduction for carbon nanotube nanocomposites were observed, due to their different phase localizations. Regarding flammability, CNT nanocomposites showed better performance as a flame retardant when compared to samples with MMT-30B. Although the MMT-30B nanocomposites could not be classified according to the UL-94 criteria, no dripped flaming particles were observed, due to the a char barrier formation on the polymer surface. The CNT nanocomposites were classified according to the UL-94 criteria as V-2. The CNT's selective localization on the SEBS phase decreases its heat-release rate, but no interconnected network structure was formed in the matrix to suppress the dripping flaming particles.