一种新型缓蚀阻垢剂的研究

以水溶性季铵盐、水解聚马来酸酐、聚环氧琥珀酸钠、聚天冬氨酸为原料,复配了一种新型缓蚀阻垢剂BW-3。BW-3具有优异的阻垢性能和良好的缓蚀效果。在所测浓度范围内,BW-3的阻垢和缓蚀效果均明显优于油田常用缓蚀阻垢剂;电化学试验结果表明,BW-3的缓蚀机理属于"负催化效应",是一种以抑制阴极反应过程为主的混合型缓蚀剂。BW-3对CaCO3垢的阻垢机理主要是晶格畸变作用。     

绿色环保型聚天冬氨酸阻垢剂合成与阻垢性能

以马来酸酐(MA)与氨水为原料热缩聚法合成聚天冬氨酸阻垢剂,分别考察了原料配比、热缩聚温度和热缩聚时间对产物的阻垢性能的影响,得到最佳合成条件:n(MA)∶n(NH3)为1∶2.0,热缩聚温度240℃,热缩聚时间3 h。当实验水中Ca2+质量浓度为240 mg/L时,聚天冬氨酸阻垢剂的阻垢率达到72%,适用于低矿化度的工业循环冷却水和油田回注水。同时使用L-天冬氨酸对聚合物开环改性,其阻垢率可达到87%。     

聚天冬氨酸复配物的合成、阻垢缓蚀性能和阻垢机理

由聚天冬氨酸(PASP),丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯-衣康酸三组分共聚物(AA-AE-IA)和2-膦酸丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸(PBTCA)制备了 PASP 三元复配物 PASP+AA-AE-IA+PBTCA,研究了 PASP 和 PASP 复配物的阻垢缓蚀性能,利用扫描电子显微镜和 X 射线衍射技术表征了水垢试样中 CaCO_3的晶型。结果表明,最佳复配比例m(PASP):m(AA-AE-IA):m(PBTCA)=3:1:1,得到的 PASP 复配物具有优异的阻垢和缓蚀效果。采用水体总硬度为639 mg/L 的地下水,PASP 复配物的用量为40 mg/L 时,对 CaCO_3的静态浓缩阻垢率可达98.7%,缓蚀率可达96.5%;PASP 复配物可以使 CaCO_3的晶型几乎全部由方解石和文石转变为球霰石结构。     

Negatively Charged Magnetite Nanoparticle Clusters as Efficient MRI Probes for Dendritic Cell Labeling and In Vivo Tracking

Cell labeling and tracking via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has drawn much attention for its noninvasive property and longitudinal monitoring functionality. Employing of imaging probes with high labeling efficiency and good biocompatibility is one of the essential factors that determine the outcome of tracking. In this study, negatively charged superparamagnetic iron oxide (PAsp‐PCL/SPIO) nanoclusters are developed for dendritic cell (DC) labeling and tracking in vivo. PAsp‐PCL/SPIO has a diameter of 124 ± 41 nm in DLS, negatively charged surface (zeta potential = ?27 mV), and presents high T ₂ relaxivity (335.6 Fe mm ^?1 s^?1) and good DC labeling efficiency. Labeled DCs are unaffected in their viability, proliferation, and differentiation capacity, and have an excellent MR imaging sensitivity in vitro. To monitor the migration of DCs into lymphoid tissues in vivo, which will be related to the final immunotherapy results, T ₂‐wighted and T ₂‐map imaging of popliteal nodes at different points in time are acquired under a clinical 3 T scanner after subcutaneous injection of a certain number of labeled DCs at hindleg footpads of mice. The signal intensities decreasing and T ₂ values shortening of ipsilateral popliteal nodes are significant and display a time‐ and dose‐dependence, showing DCs' migration to the draining lymph nodes.     

绿色阻垢剂CL-2的合成及性能评价

聚天冬氨酸是一种优良的阻垢剂。本实验以马来酸酐与氨水为原料通过化学反应合成聚天冬氨酸,通过正交试验优化得出最佳合成条件如下：n（氨水）∶n（马来酸酐）=1∶1,聚合温度180℃,聚合时间1 h。采用静态阻垢法来评定合成聚合物阻垢剂的阻垢性能,结果表明聚天冬氨酸对碳酸钙的阻垢效果良好,阻垢率达到80.24%。     

Microwave-assisted polymer synthesis (MAPS) as a tool in biomaterials science: How new and how powerful

Lack of reproducibility, difficult and expensive scale-up and standarization of synthetic processes are the main hurdles towards the industrial production of raw synthetic and semi-synthetic polymers for (bio)pharmaceutical applications. Time- and energy-consuming synthetic pathways that usually involve the use of volatile, flammable or toxic organic solvents are apparently cost-viable and environment-friendly for the synthesis at a laboratory scale. However, they are often not viable in industrial settings especially due to the impact they have on the product cost and the deleterious effect on the environment. This has presented hurdles to the incorporation of many new biomaterials displaying novel structural features into clinics. Nevertheless, owing to unique advantages such as shorter reaction times, higher yields, limited generation of by-products and relatively easy scale-up without detrimental effects, microwave-assisted organic synthesis has become an appealing synthetic tool. Regardless of these features, the use of microwave radiation in biomaterials science has been comparatively scarce. A growing interest in the basic aspects of the synthesis of either ceramic and polymeric biomaterials has been apparent during the last decade. This article reviews the most recent and prominent applications of MW as a versatile tool to synthesize and process organic and inorganic polymeric biomaterials, and discusses the unmet goals and the perspectives for a technology that probably has the potential to make biomaterials more accessible pharmaceutical excipients and the products that involve them more affordable to patients.     

水处理剂聚天冬氨酸的制备及其阻垢性能研究

在微波辐射条件下,根据微波聚合技术理论,应用直接聚合法合成出聚天冬氨酸(PASP),1H-NMR表征聚合物为目标产品。同时采用静态阻垢方法进行了PASP对CaCO3阻垢能力的实验研究。在水温不超过90℃,pH=9,水质硬度较高的环境下,PASP表现出好的阻垢性能,阻垢率(A%)可达到94%。对比扫描电镜照片,分析了PASP对CaCO3的阻垢机理。     

采用聚天门冬氨酸生产新型塔式熔体造粒复混肥料生产技术总结

对现有塔式熔体造粒复混肥生产装置进行改造,再采用人工仿生合成的水溶性高分子物质聚天门冬氨酸生产出塔式熔体造粒聚肽复混肥料。该产品养分分布均匀,利于作物吸收,可使农作物增产10％～35％、早成熟7～10d,达到了环保、增效的目的。     

一种无毒水基防锈剂的研制及其性能

目的研制一种无毒、高效的水基防锈剂。方法以植酸、聚天冬氨酸为主要成分,添加钼酸钠和苯甲酸钠作为助剂,筛选出聚乙二醇和聚乙烯醇作为高分子成膜剂,配制防锈剂。通过单因素实验和正交试验确定防锈剂的最佳配方,并与亚硝酸盐型防锈剂进行防锈效果对比。结果植酸与聚天冬氨酸有较好的复配作用,助剂和高分子成膜剂的存在可有效增强防锈膜的耐蚀性。防锈剂最佳配方为:植酸60 mL/L,聚天冬氨酸25 mL/L,钼酸钠6 g/L,苯甲酸钠22 g/L,聚乙二醇4 g/L,聚乙烯醇5 g/L。该防锈剂成膜后,平均CuSO4点滴时间达75 s,耐盐水浸泡23 h,耐中性盐雾28 h,防锈效果良好。结论无毒型防锈剂的防锈效果与亚硝酸盐型相比,存在一定差距,但其不含有毒物质,值得推广使用。     

改性聚天冬氨酸的合成及性能

在水体系下合成了含有羟基、羧基以及磺酸基多个官能团的新型、无磷、无氮、环保型阻垢剂———改性聚天冬氨酸的共聚物。探讨出最佳合成条件为:n(马来酸酐)∶n(氨)∶n(柠檬酸)∶n(2-氨基乙磺酸)=1∶2.8∶0.12∶0.075,反应时间3 h,热缩聚温度190℃,聚合时间1 h。对共聚物的结构进行表征,测定产品对磷酸钙垢的阻垢性能,结果表明,当投加量达到24 mg/L时,阻垢率可达82.9%,阻垢效果明显优于传统阻垢剂。