Anionic synthesis of aromatic carboxyl functionalized polymers. Chain-end functionalization of poly(styryl)lithium with 4,5-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-[4-(1-phenylethenyl)phenyl] oxazole

The novel syntheses of 4-(4,5-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolyl)benzophenone, 1-[4-(4,5-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolyl)phenyl]-1-phenylethanol and 4,5-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-[4-(1-phenylethenyl)phenyl]oxazole ( 1 ) are described. ω-Oxazolyl polystyrene ( 2 ) was synthesized in quantitative yields by the reaction of poly(styryl)lithium with stoichiometric amounts of 4,5-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-[4-(1-phenylethenyl)phenyl]oxazole ( 1 ) in toluene/tetrahydrofuran (4 : 1 v/v) at −78°C. Deblocking of the oxazoline protecting group by acid hydrolysis followed by saponification quantitatively provides the corresponding aromatic carboxyl chain-end functionalized polystyrene ( 3 ). The functionalization agent and functionalized polymers were characterized by HPLC, thin layer chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, vapor phase osmometry, spectroscopy (¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and FTIR), potentiometry and elemental analysis.     

超临界流体在聚苯乙烯制备中的应用

综述了超临界流体在聚苯乙烯(PS)制备中的应用。超临界流体分级能方便地通过调节温度和压力对溶解度进行控制。获得相对分子质量分布较窄的PS级分;采用超临界流体可以连续稳定地制备纯度高和粒径分布均匀的微细PS;运用超临界溶液快速膨胀技术制得了微粒形态良好、粒径分布较窄的微米级PS微粒;采用超临界气体制备的微孔发泡PS复合材料具有较高的机械强度和性价比;PS超临界流体脱挥分具有能耗低、传质效率高的特点,而且不会引起聚合物的降解;使用超临界流体制备PS复合材料成为人们关注的研究热点。     

Toward an understanding of how red phosphorus and expandable graphite enhance the fire resistance of expandable polystyrene foams

Flame retardant expandable polystyrene (EPS) foams were prepared by coating method. Red phosphorus (RP) and expandable graphite (EG) were chosen as the flame retardants to be coated on the surface of expanded PS beads. By the presence of 33 phr RP/EG with a mass ratio of 1:1, the limiting oxygen index of EPS foam could reach up to 26.9%, with V-0 rating obtained in UL-94 test. The peak heat release rate could also decrease to 180.67 kW/m², which was 72.9% lower than that of neat EPS sample. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed an obvious increase of thermal stability and residue char amount by the presence of RP and EG. From the observation and analysis of char residue, it could be proposed that there existed a significant synergistic effect between RP and EG. RP could be oxidized and further react with graphite by the presence of oxygen at high temperature, forming isolated char layer and releasing nonflammable gases. Moreover, P radicals were generated at high temperature and could capture the radicals formed during the combustion of polystyrene and eliminate the burning chain reactions.     

Structure,surface tension,and rheological behaviors of hydrophobically associative polyacrylamides by self-emulsified microemulsion polymerization

Hydrophobically associating copolymers using acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), and Styrene (St) as comonomers were successfully prepared by self-emulsified microemulsion polymerization, in which low-molecular-weight AM/AA/St copolymers as surfactant and AM as cosurfactant. The structure and chemical composition of AM/AA/St copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic (NMR), and differential scanning calorimeter. The content of PSt in the copolymers is determined by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, suggesting that the self-made polymer surfactant can disperse uniformly the St monomers to improve the copolymerization efficiency. Furthermore, the polymerization mechanism of the self-emulsified microemulsion method is explored preliminarily. During the synthesis of the copolymers, the purified copolymer solution is obtained in one step without using a small molecular emulsifier such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, in order to avoid the complicated post-treatment process of the small molecular emulsifier. The copolymers revealed good hydrophobic association properties and low surface tension.     

针状硅灰石对阻燃HIPS材料性能和形态的影响

通过在阻燃高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)材料中加入不同用量的针状硅灰石的试验研究,发现一定用量的硅灰石可提高阻燃HIPS材料的断裂伸长率、弯曲弹性模量、耐热性和加工性能,而对阻燃HIPS材料的拉伸强度、冲击韧性和阻燃性能基本上无影响。扫描电子显微镜观察显示,硅灰石以一定长度的针状细条嵌入HIPS基体中,起到部分玻璃纤维的改性作用,阻燃HIPS材料的冲击断面仍为韧性断裂。     

全程动态注塑对PS制品力学性能影响的研究

在实际生产条件下,在振频0~12Hz、振幅0~0.30mm范围内研究了振动参数对聚苯乙烯(PS)制品的力学性能和冲击断面形态结构的影响。结果表明,制品的力学性能对振动参数的响应并不是单调趋势,而是存在一个最佳的响应范围;全程动态注塑过程能提高制品的拉伸和冲击性能,其中冲击强度提高尤其明显,最大可提高28.6%。     

阳离子表面活性剂为乳化剂原位乳液聚合制备PS/MMT纳米复合材料

针对原位乳液聚合法制备聚合物/蒙脱土(MM T)纳米复合材料,为了实现蒙脱土片层的有机化处理和纳米复合材料的形成一步完成,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为乳化剂原位乳液聚合制备了PS/MM T纳米复合材料。XRD、FT-IR、TEM等分析表明,聚苯乙烯已插层进入蒙脱土的层间。在制备过程中,CTAB既充当了乳化剂,又充当了蒙脱土的插层处理剂,促进了苯乙烯在蒙脱土层间的聚合,同时也造成了蒙脱土片层一定程度的聚并。DSC分析表明,复合物的玻璃化转变温度有一定程度的提高。另外,还对蒙脱土存在下乳液聚合的特点进行了研究,发现MM T片层对乳液聚合的影响仅在聚合反应的初始阶段,使聚合速率有所下降,而对反应的后期阶段和反应产物的分子量影响不大。     

聚苯乙烯/交联丙烯酸甲酯共混物的制备及其发泡性能研究

将聚苯乙烯（PS）颗粒溶解到二乙烯基苯（DVB）、丙烯酸甲酯（MA）与偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）的混合物中,通过加热引发MA聚合,获得PS/交联PMA共混物, 采用釜压法制备了PS/交联PMA共混物泡沫。采用全自动视频光学接触角测试仪、差示扫描量热仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、动态力学分析仪对PS/交联PMA共混物的结构和性能进行了表征,并通过扫描电子显微镜对PS/交联PMA共混物泡沫的结构进行了表征。结果表明,交联PMA的引入能提高体系的成核效率,随着MA用量的增加,PS/交联PMA共混物的接触角从PS的100.5 °降至86.1 °;当MA的用量为9.6份（质量份,下同）时,PS/交联PMA共混物的泡孔尺寸主要分布在40~60 μm之间,泡孔尺寸分布明显变窄,泡孔密度达到了1.2×10⁸ 个/cm³。     

Impact strength elastomer composites based on polystyrene components separated from waste electrical and electronic equipment

The reuse of plastic components of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is an important concern both for environmental issues and to preserve the material resources, with minimum energy consumption. Considering that polystyrene fraction was reported as approximate 80% of the total amount of WEEE plastic, this article aims to evaluate the recycling of this fraction, without separation by components, by melt compounding with styrene-butadiene block-copolymer (SBS) and hydrogenated and maleinized SBS, the blend of the two elastomers acting both as an impact modifier and compatibilizer. The composites are characterized by mechanical analysis, impact tests, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The recycling conditions of the polystyrene fraction as composites without eliminating the WEEE additives for improved UV and flame resistance, with physical mechanical properties comparable to those of high-impact polystyrene resulted from the study. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48329.     

Fabrication of oriented electrospun cellulose nanocrystals–polystyrene composite fibers on a rotating drum

Nitrobenzene (CNC-1), trifluoromethyl benzene (CNC-2) modified and polystyrene-grafted (CNC-g) cellulose nanocrystals in polystyrene (PS)-N,N dimethylformamide (DMF) solutions were electrospun and collected as stretched and aligned fibers on a rotating drum. Scanning electron microscope pictures showed significant alignment in the case of unmodified and nitrobenzene-modified CNC-1/PS nanocomposite fibers once the linear speed of rotor reached to 15 m s⁻¹. Fiber diameter decrease was more strong with rotor speed increase in the case of trifluoromethyl benzene modified (CNC-2) and polystyrene-grafted (CNC-g) cellulose nanocrystals/PS systems. Dynamic mechanical analysis including storage and elastic modulus of electrospun-oriented fibers were performed on surface-modified and polymer-grafted CNC/PS samples. According to α transition peak, the increase in the glass-transition temperature with filler concentration was the highest in polymer-grafted CNC-g/PS composite fibers. It was due to the interpenetration of grafted polymer brushes and free polymer chains in continuous phase and resulted in restrictions of motions of polymer chains in the PS matrix. The elastic moduli of nitrobenzene (CNC-1) and trifluoromethyl benzene (CNC-2)-modified CNC-filled PS composite fibers agreed well with percolation model, which indicates the CNC–CNC interactions and network formation with an increase in concentration. Magnitude of the elastic modulus of polymer grafted CNC-g at 0.33 vol % in PS was significantly higher than the prediction from percolation theory. It was due the immobilized polymer chains around CNC-g particles. However, grafted polymer chains, at higher CNC concentrations acted like stickers among CNC particles and caused CNC agglomerates with entrapped free polystyrene from the matrix, thus caused a decrease in the elastic modulus. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48942.