Design of data feature-driven 1D/2D convolutional neural networks classifier for recycling black plastic wastes through laser spectroscopy

In this study, two types of convolutional neural network (CNN) classifiers are designed to handle the problem of classifying black plastic wastes. In particular, the black plastic wastes have the property of absorbing laser light coming from spectrometer. Therefore, the classification of black plastic wastes remains still a challenging problem compared to classifying other colored plastic wastes using existing spectroscopy (i.e., NIR). When it comes the classification problem of black plastic wastes, effective classification techniques by the laser spectroscopy of Fourier Transform-Infrared Radiation (FT-IR) with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) and Raman to analyze the classification problem of black plastic wastes are introduced. Due to the strong ability of extracting spatial features and remarkable performance in image classification, 1D and 2D CNN through data features are designed as classifiers. The technique of chemical peak points selection is considered to reduce data redundancy. Furthermore, through the selection of data features based on the extracted 1D data with peak points is introduced. Experimental results demonstrate that 2DCNN classifier designed with the help of 2D data feature selection as well as 1DCNN classifier shows the best performance compared with other reported methods for classifying black plastic wastes.     

玻璃纤维-碳纤维混杂增强PCBT复合材料层合板的制备及低速冲击性能

采用环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(CBT)预浸料,利用真空袋辅助热压工艺制备了玻璃纤维机织布-碳纤维机织布/聚环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(GF-CF/PCBT)混杂复合材料层合板。利用双悬臂梁(DCB)和三点端部开口弯曲(3ENF)试验对连续纤维增强PCBT复合材料层合板的层间强度做出评估。同时,利用低速冲击试验结合Abaqus/Explicit有限元仿真重点考察了混杂纤维增强PCBT复合材料层合板的低速冲击性能。试验结果表明:尽管CF/PCBT复合材料层合板具有优异的层间性能,当冲击能量为114.3J时,由于CF自身的脆性,CF/PCBT复合材料层合板被完全穿透,而GF-CF/PCBT混杂复合材料层合板只在表面形成凹痕。与纯CF增强PCBT复合材料层合板相比,铺层形式为[CF/GF/CF]25的GF-CF/PCBT混杂复合材料层合板的抗冲击损伤能力提高2倍。仿真得到的云图显示,冲击引起的应力在CF中的分布区域要明显大于在GF中的分布区域。     

废弃PET降解产物改性PC复合材料的制备及其性能

为提高聚碳酸酯（PC）材料流动性,以乙二醇（EG）为溶剂降解废弃聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）得到的产物为改性剂,制备PET降解产物改性的PC复合材料,对测试结果进行分析讨论。结果表明,PET降解反应中产物主要BHET及其低聚物,降解产物的加入能够有效提高复合材料熔体质量流动速率,且熔体质量流动速率随着降解产物添加量的增加而增大．综合分析复合材料的力学性能及流动性,确定最佳实验用量为4%,降解体系为m(PET)∶m(EG)为1∶3．      

Towards recycling purpose: Converting PET plastic waste back to terephthalic acid using pH-responsive phase transfer catalyst

Converting polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wastes to its monomer and valuable chemicals via eco-friendly chemical method is still a challenge task. Previously, phase transfer catalysts used for alkaline hydrolysis were soluble in reaction media and hardly separated after reaction. Here, we reported several pH-responsive catalysts combined alkyl quaternary ammonium units with heteropolyacid anion for achieving stepwise product/catalyst separation and catalyst recycling. The properties of homogeneous/heterogeneous transfer behavior allow catalyst to be easily separated from reaction media by adjusting of pH value. Among them, [C₁₆H₃₃N(CH₃)₃]₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (abbreviated as [CTA]₃PW) exhibits the highest activity and the most suitable pH responsive values. Such a pH triggered switchable catalytic system not only shows good performance for depolymerization of pure PET, but also some real PET wastes such as coloured trays and PE/PET complex films could be completely degraded into terephthalic acid. Additionally, the reaction kinetics and activation energy of PET alkaline hydrolysis also studied with and without pH-responsive [CTA]₃PW.     

可生物降解PBAT/PLA/生物质垃圾袋的制备和表征

将聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBAT）和聚乳酸（PLA）进行共混,然后添加竹粉、木质素和秸秆粉,利用混合熔融造粒、挤出吹膜工艺制备了PBAT/PLA/生物质粉（BP）（质量比74.26/4.95/19.80）复合垃圾袋,并采用扫描电子显微（SEM）、红外光谱仪（FTIR）、X射线衍射测试（XRD）、热重分析仪（TG）及差示扫描量热仪（DSC）等对垃圾袋的微观形貌、组成、耐热性能、拉伸性能及抗漏性能进行了测试和表征,对其实用性进行了评估。结果表明,3种BP在PBAT/PLA基体中分散性较好,对薄膜结构和热性能几乎没有影响;添加竹粉和木质素材料的垃圾袋相比于添加秸秆粉的垃圾袋有明显的强度优势,强度提高了40 %以上。本研究对于降低PBAT/PLA垃圾袋的生产成本、促进生物降解材料的产业化应用具有重要借鉴意义。     

牛仔洗水处理对PTT纤维结构和力学性能的影响

对聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)短纤维进行4种洗水工艺处理,并对处理前后的纤维通过电子单纤维强力仪、红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜进行力学性能和结构的表征。结果显示:PTT纤维经过4种洗水处理后,纤维的断裂强度和断裂伸长率分别下降,弹性回复率微微下降,纤维的表面均有不同大小的坑穴;红外分析表明经洗水处理后,纤维的结晶度下降,尤其是高锰酸钾处理和双氧水漂洗对纤维力学性能的下降和纤维表面形态的破坏的作用更明显。     

新型钛系聚酯催化剂的催化性能研究

合成了一种应用型钛系聚酯(PET)催化剂TY,考察了在PET合成中催化剂TY对酯化时间、缩聚时间、产品性能等的影响;并与传统锑系催化剂三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)的性能进行了对比。结果表明:钛系催化剂TY不仅能缩短酯化时间和聚合时间,而且催化剂用量少、催化活性高;钛系催化剂TY用量为20~25μg/g时,催化活性最佳,催化剂TY 20~25μg/g的催化活性相当于Sb2O3350~400μg/g的催化活性;钛系催化剂合成的PET切片的特性黏数达0.683 d L/g,与锑系PET相比,色相L值提高达71.68,b值相差不大,端羧基含量及二甘醇含量降低,结晶行为及热性能相当;钛系催化剂TY适合无重金属聚酯的工业生产,工业应用性强。     

PET与PE混合物的回收——原位微纤化方法及其性能研究

研究了原位微纤化方法在回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)混合物方面的应用。本文通过四次挤出模拟塑料制品在环境中遇到的热氧作用和多次回收过程,研究了原位微纤化PET/HDPE共混物以及普通PET/HDPE共混物的性能变化。结果表明,随着挤出次数的增加,PET/HDPE普通共混物的拉伸性能和加工性能均下降,而PET/HDPE原位微纤化共混物的屈服强度得到了较大提高,同时模量也得到一定的提高。     

PET蓄光纤维的研制及性能研究

采用共混纺丝法制备了PET蓄光纤维,并对纤维的性能进行了研究。SEM分析表明,采用偶联剂可以有效地改善聚酯与蓄光粉体组成的共混体系的相容性,减小分散相颗粒的尺寸。预先将PET、蓄光粉体与偶联剂制备成母粒用于纺丝,可以明显提高体系的可纺性。同时,研究了蓄光粉体的含量对纤维力学性能和发光性能的影响。     

低中空高回弹三维螺旋卷曲纤维的制备及性能研究Ⅱ.拉伸工艺研究

将特性黏数差为0.064 dL/g的高、低黏度聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)制备的双组分并列复合中空纤维原丝进行拉伸制得拉伸丝(DT丝),对DT丝的拉伸工艺进行了研究,得到了低中空高回弹三维螺旋卷曲纤维的最佳拉伸工艺条件.结果表明:DT丝的三维卷曲性能和拉伸方式、拉伸倍率及其分配密切相关,采取二步拉伸、一级拉伸倍率较大...