Nutritional quality and safety of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) from three lakes of Central Italy

European perch (Perca fluviatilis) harvested from three lakes of Central Italy were studied in different seasonal periods of a year to evaluate their nutritional quality and some safety aspects related to the pollution of the aquatic environment. The lakes considered, located in the Latium region, differed with respect to their volcanic (Bolsena and Bracciano Lakes) or artificial (Salto Lake) origin. Fillets of fish caught in the three lakes were characterised by good protein (17–19%) and mineral contents and low lipid levels (0.6–1.2%) throughout the year. Total lipids were characterised by low cholesterol levels (41.9–74.7 mg/100 g) and high percentages of total n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (27.7–33.8% of total fatty acids), in particular docosahexaenoic acid (14.2–25.3% of total fatty acids). The qualitative analysis of the stomach content of perch confirmed their predatory feeding behaviour. The chemical and nutritional profiles of perch from the three lakes were comparable except for rubidium and cesium levels, which were higher in the muscle tissues of perch from the volcanic lakes. These minerals may represent elements of traceability of the origin of fish. Low levels of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls, well below the Italian and European action limits, were detected in the muscle tissue of perch from all three lakes.     

Changes in Polychlorinated Biphenyl Residues in Milk during Lactation: Levels of Contamination,Influencing Factors,and Infant Risk Assessment

Given the importance of breastfeeding infants, the contamination of human milk is a significant public concern. The aim of this study was to assess the contamination of human milk with dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) and non-dioxin-like PCBs (ndl-PCBs) in relation to the duration of lactation and other influencing factors, especially the frequency of the consumption of selected foods during pregnancy. Based on this, the health risk to infants was assessed and compared to the tolerable daily intake (TDI). PCB determinations were performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The ∑ndl-PCB content ranged from 0.008 to 0.897 ng/g w.w., at an average of 0.552 ng/g wet weight, which was 55% of the maximum level according to the EU guidelines for foods for infants and young children. The toxic equivalent (TEQ) was in the range of 0.033–5.67 pg-TEQ/g w.w. The content of non-ortho, mono-ortho, and ndl-PCBs in human milk decreased the longer lactation continued. Moreover, when pregnant women smoked tobacco, this correlated significantly with increases in the concentrations of PCB congeners 156, 118, and 189 in human milk. The human milk contents of PCB congeners 77, 81, 186, 118, and 189 were strongly positively correlated with the amount of fish consumed. The content of stable congeners PCB 135 and PCB 153 increased with age.     

苏南某地区不同土地利用类型下农田土壤的多氯联苯污染现状分析

目的探究4种土地利用类型下的苏南地区农田土壤中多氯联苯(polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)的含量、组成分布等污染特征。方法采集苏南某地区的茶园、果园、稻田、菜地4种功能区共87个土壤样品,运用气相色谱定量分析其PCBs残留特征。结果研究区域中4种不同土地利用类型下的农田土壤的多氯联苯污染状况存在一定差异,PCBs检出率为菜地稻田茶园果园,而PCBs总量为稻田菜地果园茶园,且四者的PCBs同系物组成比例各不相同。其中,茶园、果园和菜地土壤中PCBs同系物的组成比例具有一定的相似性,为中氯高氯低氯,而稻田土壤中PCBs同系物的比例为中氯低氯高氯。结论该研究区域不同利用类型下农田土壤中PCBs的含量、组成等污染特征存在差异,且水稻田的PCBs污染生态风险更高,高氯化PCBs同系物占比更低, PCBs污染特征呈高度聚类。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定小麦中二噁英类多氯联苯

目的 建立一种气相色谱-质谱法(Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)同时快速测定小麦中12种二噁英类多氯联苯(Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, DL-PCBs)的分析方法。方法 样品采用改进的QuEChERS方法, 经丙酮-正己烷(1:2, V/V)溶液超声提取, 羧基化多壁碳纳米管和N-丙基乙二胺混合净化剂净化, 用Agilent HP-5MS色谱柱分离, GC-MS选择离子监测模式进行测定,外标法定量。结果 12种DL-PCBs在5～500 μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系, 相关系数r均大于0.999。方法的检出限为0.5～0.8 μg/kg, 定量限为1.4～2.7 μg/kg, 在5、10、100 μg/kg 添加水平的平均回收率为88.6%～115.0%, 相对标准偏差小于6.5%(n=5)。结论 该方法样品前处理简单快速, 溶剂消耗少, 对检测条件要求低, 适用于同时测定小麦中12种DL-PCBs。     

Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction with saponification (MAES) for the determination of polybrominated flame retardants in aquaculture samples

The efficiency of microwave-assisted extraction with saponification (MAES) for the determination of seven polybrominated flame retardants (polybrominated biphenyls, PBBs; and polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs) in aquaculture samples is described and compared with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Chemometric techniques based on experimental designs and desirability functions were used for simultaneous optimization of the operational parameters used in both MAES and MAE processes. Application of MAES to this group of contaminants in aquaculture samples, which had not been previously applied to this type of analytes, was shown to be superior to MAE in terms of extraction efficiency, extraction time and lipid content extracted from complex matrices (0.7% as against 18.0% for MAE extracts). PBBs and PBDEs were determined by gas chromatography with micro-electron capture detection (GC-μECD). The quantification limits for the analytes were 40–750 pg g^?1 (except for BB-15, which was 1.43 ng g^?1). Precision for MAES-GC-μECD (%RSD?<?11%) was significantly better than for MAE-GC-μECD (%RSD?<?20%). The accuracy of both optimized methods was satisfactorily demonstrated by analysis of appropriate certified reference material (CRM), WMF-01.     

Material Flow Analysis in a cooked mussel processing industry

Galicia (NW Spain) is an ideal environment for mussel culture owing to its excellent natural conditions. It is the first Spanish and European mussel producer and the second worldwide after China. More than 50% of the mussel collected in Galicia is used in the processing industry, which produces different products, as cooked mussel that is canned, frozen or used in the food industry.     

鱼肉粉中二噁英及二噁英类多氯联苯成分分析标准物质的研制

目的 研制鱼肉粉基体中二噁英及二噁英类多氯联苯成分分析标准物质.方法 以草鱼为原料,采用污染物含量较高的飞灰样品配合饲料喂养,经去骨去皮,匀浆干燥、研磨筛分等过程后制得候选标准物质,经均匀性和稳定性评价,由8家实验室定值,分析评估其不确定度.结果 经检验基体标准物质均匀性良好,能长期稳定保存至少12个月,PCDD/Fs...     

A Critical Review about Human Exposure to Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDDs), Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) through Foods

Dioxins include polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and part of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Only the compounds that are chlorinated at the 2,3,7, and 8 positions have characteristic dioxin toxicity. PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs accumulate in the food chain due to their high lipophilicity, high stability, and low vapor pressure. They are not metabolized easily; however their hydroxylated metabolites are detected in feces. They cause a wide range of endocrine disrupting effects in experimental animals, wildlife, and humans. Endocrine related effects of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs on thyroid hormones, neurodevelopment and reproductive development were referenced. In addition, some studies of contamination of foods, bioaccumulation, dietary exposure assessment, as well as challenges of scientific research in these compounds were reviewed.     

蔬菜中多氯代有机污染物的含量特征研究

采用野外样品采集与调查、室内培养与分析的方法,对蔬菜中多氯代有机污染物的含量特征进行探讨。研究结果表明:野外旱地耕种的蔬菜中均有不同程度多氯代有机污染物检出,其中氯苯类化合物、六六六和滴滴涕的含量分别为14.039±9.176、7.412±6.096、5.553±6.772ng/g;不同蔬菜种类中以大蒜、包菜体内多氯代有机污染物含量较高。室内盆栽蔬菜中多氯代有机污染物的含量与土壤受污染程度有关,随着土壤污染物浓度升高,蔬菜体内污染物含量升高。