随车乳化器的研制及乳化特性的实验研究

设计了能将柴油和水在管线上进行乳化的随车乳化器及油水比例控制阀。在不加乳化剂的情况下，进行了乳化效果及乳化特性的实验研究，经一系列的试验表明，该随车乳化器具有良好的乳化效果。     

纳米乳液改善多酚性能及在食品中的应用进展

国内外研究人员一直关注植物多酚促进人体健康的潜在作用,发现在实际应用中,多酚的稳定性差、溶解性差、生物利用率低等问题亟待解决。纳米乳液递送体系粒径小、稳定性佳,是极佳的多酚递送体系,应用前景广阔。经纳米乳液包埋后的多酚可改善稳定性,提高在体内的生物利用率,表现出更佳的生物可及性、抗氧化性及抗肿瘤活性,更适合应用于食品工业。该研究结合国内外研究者的成果综述了多酚的分类及作用;多酚纳米乳液制备新技术;纳米乳包载对多酚多种性能的改善效果与作用机制。基于多酚纳米乳液需解决的首要问题提出了乳液优化方案,并阐述了多酚纳米乳液在食品工业中的现状及潜在应用,对多酚纳米乳液未来的制备方向进行展望。     

原油乳状液稳定性研究 Ⅱ.原油成分对原油乳状液稳定性的影响

原血成分的表面活性物质及其细微固体颗粒,在油水界面上相互作用是原油乳状液其有稳定性的主要原因。本文采用简单的方法将原油中众多的物质分成两大类,并根椐它们单独时或混合后对癸烷/水乳状液稳定性作用的特征,将其分别称为原油乳化剂和原油破乳剂。试验表明,原油乳状液稳定性的高低主要取决于所含的这两大类物质的多少和相对比例,其相对重要性可由界面张力定性地反映出来;并且由原油/水界面张力的大小可以定性地评估原油乳状液的稳定性。     

Preparation and catalytic application of poly 4‐vinylpyridine microspheres

Poly 4‐vinylpyridine (P4VP) microspheres between 170 and 728 nm were synthesized by Emulsifier‐Free Emulsion Polymerization. The monomer concentration, ionic strength, and initiator concentration affected the microsphere size and size distribution. The increasing monomer concentration led to the increase of microsphere size, whereas the size distribution of the resultant P4VP microspheres increased with the increasing ionic strength of the reaction systems. Mo(O₂)₂O·2DMF was successfully anchored onto the P4VP microspheres by ligand exchange, and the heterogeneous catalyst showed high‐catalytic activity for epoxidation of cis‐cyclooctene with environmentally friendly hydrogen peroxide. The size and morphology of the supported microspheres has important influence on the catalytic activity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

故障树分析法在乳化器爆炸故障诊断中的应用

针对乳化炸药生产过程中乳化器爆炸面临的安全问题,提出了用故障树分析法对乳化器爆炸故障进行分析的方法,并以故障树的形式表示出引起故障的各种原因,该方法是分析复杂系统的安全性和可靠性的一种较好的方法,通过求最小割集进行定性分析,并找出对顶事件产生影响的各因素。实验结果表明,所用方法具有较强的故障诊断能力,能进行准确的故障定位,并能给出相应的故障处理措施,可有效防止重大生产事故的发生,为乳化器安全检测和故障诊断的快速发展提供了较为实用的参考价值。     

表面活性剂对葡甘聚糖复合乳液稳定性的影响

以 Span、Tween 系列非离子活性剂为乳化剂,葡甘聚糖（KGM）和乙基纤维素（EC）为分散相,考察 KGM/EC 乳液体系的抗聚并稳定特性。根据乳液稳定性理论分析,认为非离子活性剂分子亲油基团的结构及其与油相分子的相似度对乳液油水界面粘性及相应乳液抗聚并稳定性会产生较大影响。详细讨论了不同 HLB 值对 KGM/EC 乳液的冻融稳定性、贮存稳定性及化学稳定性的影响。     

活性大分子乳化剂的研究

利用分子设计方法合成了一种活性大分子乳化剂。它的分子结构中含有双键、羧基和阴离子，可以把常用乳化剂乳化时在乳胶粒表面的物理吸附结合方式改变为化学键合形式。用它作为乳液聚合的乳化剂使用时，具有用量少，使用方便的特点，且可显著提高乳液的稳定性及涂层的耐水性、光泽性。采用红外光谱、酸值测试、分子量测定等对合成产物的结构及反应历程进行了表征。     

α-Sulfonated fatty acid esters: I. Structural effects of sodium α-sulfonated fatty acid higher alcohol esters on surface-active properties and emulsification ability

The surface-active properties and emulsification ability of sodium α-sulfonated fatty acid esters, C_mH_2m+1CH-(SO₃Na)COOC_nH_2n+1, were studied as a function of the hydrophobic alkyl chainlength in the fatty acid (m=8−16) and the alcohol (n=8−18). As a result, it was discovered that sodium α-sulfonated fatty acid esters have a structural effect on the Krafft point different from that of amphiphiles with short alkyl chains. Moreover, some of the α-sulfonated fatty acid esters have quite low interfacial tensions, as well as non-foaming properties, which depend upon the total (m+n) number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chains.     

Toughening modification of PS with n‐BA/MMA/styrene core–shell structured copolymer from emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization

Core–shell structured particles, which comprise the rubbery core and glassy layers, were prepared by emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization of poly(n‐butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene [P(n‐BA/MMA)/PS]. The particle diameter was about 0.22 μm, and the rubbery core was uncrosslinked and lightly crosslinked, respectively. The smaller core–shell structured particle–toughened PS blends were investigated in detail. The dynamic mechanical behavior and observation by scanning electron microscopy of the modified blend system with core–shell structured particles indicated good compatibility between PS and the particles, which is the necessary qualification for an effective toughening modifier. Notched‐impact strength and related mechanical properties were measured for further evaluation of the toughening efficiency. The notched‐impact strength of the toughened PS blends with uncrosslinked particles reached almost sixfold higher than that of the untoughened PS when 15 phr of the core–shell structured particles was added. For the crosslinked particles the toughening effect for PS was not obvious. The toughening mechanism for these smaller particles also is discussed in this article. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1290–1297, 2003