Morphology control of polyoxy‐methylene/thermoplastic polyurethane blends by adjusting their viscosity ratio

Polyoxymethylene (POM) is an important plastic with very good properties. However, its poor impact strength limits its applications. Theoretical and experimental studies have confirmed that thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) can effectively enhance the notched impact strength of POM. This paper reports that the notched impact strength of POM/TPU blends can be further improved when these blends are endowed with a fine morphology by changing the viscosity ratio of TPU to POM (P = η_TPU/η_POM) during processing. The experimental results show that the viscosity of TPU is more sensitive to temperature than that of POM, and that the viscosity ratio P decreases with increasing temperature; also for quite a wide range of shear rate, P is close to 1 when the processing temperature (T_p) is around 190 °C. Accordingly, the phase structure of POM/TPU blends changes with P. The dispersed phase of TPU shows ellipsoidal morphology when P > 1 at T_p < 190 °C, filamental morphology when P ≈ 1 at T_p ≈ 190 °C and spheroidal morphology when P < 1 at T_p > 190 °C. The results suggest that the filamental morphology endows POM/TPU (90/10) blends with the highest notched impact strength (～14 kJ m^?2). Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

PUR-T增韧POM复合材料的制备及其性能

以聚甲醛(POM)为基体,以热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(PUR-T)为增韧剂,二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)为增容剂,制备了增韧POM复合材料。研究结果表明,聚酯型PUR-T对POM的增韧效果优于聚醚型PUR-T。POM复合材料的冲击强度和断裂伸长率随着PUR-T含量的增加而增大,当PUR-T质量分数为20%时,复合材料的缺口冲击强度达到21.1 k J/m2,是纯POM的3倍,断裂伸长率达到273%,约是POM的12倍。通过对不同类型增容剂的优选,发现MDI能够实现有效增容,优于其它类型的增容剂,当PUR-T质量分数为10%,MDI质量分数为3%时,复合材料的断裂伸长率由26.4%提高到43.9%,提高了66.3%,增容剂MDI能够有效提高PUR-T与POM的相容性,能够有效起到增容作用。     

聚苯酯／石墨／聚甲醛复合材料的力学性能

用转矩流变仪共混-模压成型方法制备了聚苯酯/石墨/聚甲醛复合材料，并对其力学性能（拉伸强度，弯曲强度，冲击强度和压缩强度）进行了研究。结果表明，聚苯酯的加入，使聚苯酯/石墨/聚甲醛复合材料的压缩强度提高，拉伸强度，弯曲强度和冲击强度有所降低，但并不防碍其作为结构零件使用；当聚苯酯含量为20%左右时，复合材料具有较为理想的综合力学性能。     

Production and properties of highly oriented polyoxymethylene by die‐drawing

Highly oriented monofilaments were produced by a high‐temperature die‐drawing process followed by tensile drawing. It was shown that a successful high‐speed process required high‐quality melt‐extruded rod. The mechanical properties and structure of the die‐drawn products were investigated by means of tensile and bending tests, dynamic mechanical measurements, DSC, and X‐ray diffraction. The bending modulus and the tensile strength increased with increasing draw ratio. It was also observed that at high draw ratios the γ‐dispersion peak in the dynamic mechanical tan δ curve, which is associated with main chain micro‐Brownian motion in the amorphous regions, diminishes, implying that these chains become taut. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1268–1278, 2003     

共聚酰胺对聚甲醛热稳定作用和结晶成核作用研究

用220℃等温热失重法通过对热失重率和热失重速率的测试研究了共聚酰胺(COPA)作为甲醛吸收剂对聚甲醛(POM)热稳定性的影响同时用HAAKE转矩流变仪对平衡扭矩进行测试．其熔体粘度随COPA加人量的增加而增大，表明POM体系热稳定性提高。热重分析(TGA)所得的特，征温度的增大也表明COPA能提高POM的热稳定性.差示扫描量热分析(DSC)和偏光显做镜(PLM)观察的结果表明COPA能提高POM的结晶性能，即COPA对POM具有显著的热稳定作用和一定的结晶成核作用.     

An investigation on wear mechanism of POM/LLDPE blends

The friction and wear properties of polyoxymethylene/linear low‐density polyethylene/ethylene‐acrylic acid (POM/LLDPE/EAA) blends are investigated on a MM‐200 wear tester. The results show that the addition of LLDPE and EAA obviously improves the friction and wear properties of POM. The friction coefficient and wear scar width of POM/LLDPE/EAA blends are much lower than those of pure POM. SEM analysis reveals that POM appears to wear by thermal softening and melting of worn surface when sliding against the stainless steel, while no severe damage but wear debris can be observed on the worn face of POM/LLDPE/EAA blend. Long‐time sliding causes the removal of molten POM from the worn surface, while the formation of the lubricated layer occurs on the worn surface for POM/LLDPE/EAA blend. DSC analysis shows that the melting temperature and the crystallinity of the worn surface for POM are improved after a long‐time sliding. Molecular orientation on the worn surface of POM is affirmed by WAXD. For POM/LLDPE/EAA blend, the improvement of the friction and wear properties is mainly owed to wear debris and lubricant layer existing between the contact surfaces. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 48–53, 2006     

POM／COPA二元及POM／COPA／EVA三元共混物的研究

研究了聚甲醛供聚酰胺（POM/COPA）二元及聚甲醛／共聚酰胺／乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（POM／COPA／EVA）三元共混物，探讨了COPA、EVA用量对共混体系性能的影响。结果表明，C1DPA的加入使共混物的熔融温度（Tm）增大；当COPA含量为4％（质量分数，下同）时，00PA能够较均匀地分散于POM基体中，共混物缺口冲击强度出现最大值，比纯聚甲醛提高了约63．3％，而拉伸强度变化不大，POM／COPA共混物具有较理想的综合力学性能。EVA的加入使共混物缺口冲击强度和拉伸强度均呈下降趋势。     

Friction and wear of blended polyoxymethylene sliding against coated steel plates

Measurements were made of the dynamic friction coefficients and specific wear rates of several thermoplastics rubbing against relatively soft coatings on steel plates. Polyoxymethylene (POM)-based composites were investigated using reciprocating, line contact tests against two types of corrosion-protected steel plates (electro-deposited cathodic epoxy layers, called “E-coatings”, and galvanised plates). In addition to virgin POM, composites containing glass fibres, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibres, PTFE micro-powder, and high-viscosity silicon oil were investigated. Sliding speeds ranged from 0.05 to 0.3 m/s, and normal loads ranged from 5 to 30 N. The E-coating failed at high loads and velocities. The beneficial effects of lubricating additives in tests with uncoated steel counterfaces were also observed with the coated steel surfaces. POM with glass fibre additives was found to be more abrasive than the base material. The considered non-conformal contact produced similar friction and wear trends than those obtained for the conformal contact.