Lipid transfer proteins (LTP) play a major role in plant defence and are of particular interest due to their known ability to cause allergic reactions. These proteins are expressed in grapes and also remain detectable after vinification, especially in red wine. However, it remains unknown whether the protein undergoes any changes during the vinification process. Here, we present a purification method for LTPs from Dornfelder grapes and wine. By liquid-chromatography–mass spectroscopy (LC–MS/MS) we identified LTPs from two different species (Vitis vinifera and Vitis aestivalis). Additionally, the purified LTPs were characterised using spectrometric methods, confirming their high purity and structural stability during vinification. We conclude that LTPs are resistant to the alcohol content (13.5 vol%), acidic milieu of wine and other ingredients present during the vinification process, indicating that the allergenic potential of grape LTP is not diminished by the vinification process. 相似文献
Copper/bamboo fabric (Cu/BF) composites were prepared by electroless deposition via a tin-free process. The process involved 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane modification, noble metal (Au or Pd) activation and electroless copper planting of BF. The copper deposition rate via Pd catalytic process was 1.01 mg/cm2 h, higher than that by Au catalytic process (0.85 mg/cm2 h). The microstructure of Cu/BF composites was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the copper coatings were composed of ball-shaped copper particles. The composition and chemical state of copper layers were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra, Cu0 was detected but copper dioxide was not found in both spectra. The electromagnetic interference, water absorption, mechanical tension, conductivity and adhesion properties of Cu/BF samples (weight ratio of Cu/BF: 0.36 ± 0.01) were measured to obtain the qualities of the composites. 相似文献
Polyvinypyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized Pd-Ag bimetallic colloids were successfully prepared in an acetone:2-propanol solution
mixture of palladium acetate and silver perchlorate, and in an aqueous solution of palladium nitrate and silver nitrate by
γ-irradiation. The prepared PVP-stabilized bimetallic nanoparticles were characterized by UV, TEM, XRD, and XPS. In Pd–Ag
bimetallic nanoparticles, the XPS data indicated that the constituent elements were in the metallic state, and the palladium
atoms were concentrated on the surface of the alloy cluster. These PVP-stabilized bimetallic nanoparticles were used as catalysts
for hydrogenation of cis,cis-1,3-cyclooctadiene (COD). 相似文献
Context: Astilbin is considered to be a new and promising immunosuppressant for immune related diseases, but limited in clinical application due to its poor water solubility, difficult oral absorption and low bioavailability.
Objective: The present work studied the effect of PVP and surfactant combined carrier on its capability to improve drug absorption.
Materials and methods: PVP K30-Tween 80 combined carries was applied into the astilbin solid dispersions, tested both in vivo in beagle dogs and in vitro in transport experiments across Caco-2 cell monolayers.
Results and discussion: In the animal studies a many fold increase in plasma AUC was observed for the solid dispersions of drug in PVP K30-Tween 80 combined carries compared to active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The applicability of Caco-2 monolayers as a tool for predicting the in vivo transport behavior of Astilbin in combination with a solubility enhancing carries was shown. In vitro transport studies confirmed the effect of combined carries on the absorption behavior of the astilbin. MTT studies showed the cell viability gradually decreased with the increase of the drug concentration in a dose dependent manner for astilbin and that in solid dispersions. The permeability and apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) increased with drug in the Caco-2 cell.
Conclusion: In this study, it was found that PVP K30 and Tween 80 promoted the permeability of drugs best within a certain amount. For astilbin PVP K30 and surfactant combined carrier had a strong potential to improve oral bioavailability. 相似文献
7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinomethane (TCNQ) was added to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/CuO composites to modify and prevent agglomeration of the particles, and thus the CuO particles were well dispersed to a small size, thereby increasing CO2 solubility and separation performance. When the separation performance of the PVP/CuO/TCNQ composite membrane was measured for CO2/N2 gases, a CO2 separation of about 174 was measured. This improvement in performance was attributed to the fact that TCNQ was applied to PVP and CuO to prevent agglomeration between particles with surface modification. Due to TCNQ, CuO could be dispersed to a small size in PVP; the bonds between chains in PVP weakened; the interaction between molecules weakened; and the free volume increased, as confirmed by FT-IR, TGA, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. 相似文献