聚乙烯吡咯烷酮对PESA-H2O-SiC悬浮液流变性能的影响

研究了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)对聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)稳定的水基碳化硅(SiC)悬浮液流变性能的影响.结果表明,在pH值为9.0时,添加一定比例的少剂量的二元分散剂即可改善SiC悬浮液的分散性.当分散剂总添加量为0.4wt％,PESA与PVP的质量之比为3∶1时,悬浮液的流变性最佳.固含量为40vo1％时,PESA稳定的SiC悬浮液完全絮凝,而添加PVP作为第二分散剂可使体系较好的分散.此外,添加二元分散剂PESA/PVP显著提高了SiC悬浮液的抗电解质性能.     

Purification and structural characterisation of lipid transfer protein from red wine and grapes

Lipid transfer proteins (LTP) play a major role in plant defence and are of particular interest due to their known ability to cause allergic reactions. These proteins are expressed in grapes and also remain detectable after vinification, especially in red wine. However, it remains unknown whether the protein undergoes any changes during the vinification process. Here, we present a purification method for LTPs from Dornfelder grapes and wine. By liquid-chromatography–mass spectroscopy (LC–MS/MS) we identified LTPs from two different species (Vitis vinifera and Vitis aestivalis). Additionally, the purified LTPs were characterised using spectrometric methods, confirming their high purity and structural stability during vinification. We conclude that LTPs are resistant to the alcohol content (13.5 vol%), acidic milieu of wine and other ingredients present during the vinification process, indicating that the allergenic potential of grape LTP is not diminished by the vinification process.     

Electromagnetic interference shielding,mechanical properties and water absorption of copper/bamboo fabric (Cu/BF) composites

Copper/bamboo fabric (Cu/BF) composites were prepared by electroless deposition via a tin-free process. The process involved 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane modification, noble metal (Au or Pd) activation and electroless copper planting of BF. The copper deposition rate via Pd catalytic process was 1.01 mg/cm² h, higher than that by Au catalytic process (0.85 mg/cm² h). The microstructure of Cu/BF composites was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the copper coatings were composed of ball-shaped copper particles. The composition and chemical state of copper layers were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra, Cu⁰ was detected but copper dioxide was not found in both spectra. The electromagnetic interference, water absorption, mechanical tension, conductivity and adhesion properties of Cu/BF samples (weight ratio of Cu/BF: 0.36 ± 0.01) were measured to obtain the qualities of the composites.     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆硫/碳复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

采用液相化学沉积法,并引入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）制备得到聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆硫/碳复合材料。采用热重分析（TGA）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、恒流充放电和循环伏安（CV）表征其物化性能和电化学性能,结果表明,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮可有效提高硫/碳复合材料的电化学性能。0.35 C充放电时,所得聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆硫/碳复合材料首次放电比容量达到1 415.3 mAh/g(按单质硫的质量计算),120次后比容量保留为903.3 mAh/g,容量保持率为63.8%;2 C充放电时,首次放电比容量可达到904 mAh/g,200次后比容量仍能保持在486.8 mAh/g。     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为模板合成球状羟基磷灰石

以Ca(NO3)2.4H2O和(NH4)3PO4.3H2O为反应物,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为模板,成功地合成了直径为30~50nm的球状羟基磷灰石。用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)分析、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱(FTIR)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对所制得的样品进行了表征,结果表明PVP的浓度很大程度地影响了HA的形貌。在浓度为2.0~5.0%PVP为模板的条件下可以合成直径为30~50nm的HA。球状HA形成的机理可能与PVP在溶液中的特定立体化学构象有关。     

微波辐射下纳米银粒子的制备及表征

以硝酸银为银源,六亚甲基四胺为还原剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为表面活性剂和稳定剂,在微波辐射下制备出平均粒径约30nm的纳米银颗粒。利用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜对样品的晶体结构和形貌进行表征;用红外吸收光谱对样品结构组成进行定性分析;用紫外-可见分光光度法研究样品的光学性能。结果表明:该法简单、快捷,所制备的纳米银粒子为纯立方晶型的多晶,其粒径小,分布窄,分散性好。     

Preparation of Polymer-stabilized Palladium–silver Bimetallic Nanoparticles by γ-irradiation and their Catalytic Properties for Hydrogenation of cis,cis-1,3-Cyclooctadiene

Polyvinypyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized Pd-Ag bimetallic colloids were successfully prepared in an acetone:2-propanol solution mixture of palladium acetate and silver perchlorate, and in an aqueous solution of palladium nitrate and silver nitrate by γ-irradiation. The prepared PVP-stabilized bimetallic nanoparticles were characterized by UV, TEM, XRD, and XPS. In Pd–Ag bimetallic nanoparticles, the XPS data indicated that the constituent elements were in the metallic state, and the palladium atoms were concentrated on the surface of the alloy cluster. These PVP-stabilized bimetallic nanoparticles were used as catalysts for hydrogenation of cis,cis-1,3-cyclooctadiene (COD).     

PVP and surfactant combined carrier as an effective absorption enhancer of poorly soluble astilbin in vitro and in vivo

Context: Astilbin is considered to be a new and promising immunosuppressant for immune related diseases, but limited in clinical application due to its poor water solubility, difficult oral absorption and low bioavailability.

Objective: The present work studied the effect of PVP and surfactant combined carrier on its capability to improve drug absorption.

Materials and methods: PVP K30-Tween 80 combined carries was applied into the astilbin solid dispersions, tested both in vivo in beagle dogs and in vitro in transport experiments across Caco-2 cell monolayers.

Results and discussion: In the animal studies a many fold increase in plasma AUC was observed for the solid dispersions of drug in PVP K30-Tween 80 combined carries compared to active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The applicability of Caco-2 monolayers as a tool for predicting the in vivo transport behavior of Astilbin in combination with a solubility enhancing carries was shown. In vitro transport studies confirmed the effect of combined carries on the absorption behavior of the astilbin. MTT studies showed the cell viability gradually decreased with the increase of the drug concentration in a dose dependent manner for astilbin and that in solid dispersions. The permeability and apparent permeability coefficients (P_app) increased with drug in the Caco-2 cell.

Conclusion: In this study, it was found that PVP K30 and Tween 80 promoted the permeability of drugs best within a certain amount. For astilbin PVP K30 and surfactant combined carrier had a strong potential to improve oral bioavailability.     

CuO Modified by 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane and Its Application to CO2 Separation

7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinomethane (TCNQ) was added to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/CuO composites to modify and prevent agglomeration of the particles, and thus the CuO particles were well dispersed to a small size, thereby increasing CO₂ solubility and separation performance. When the separation performance of the PVP/CuO/TCNQ composite membrane was measured for CO₂/N₂ gases, a CO₂ separation of about 174 was measured. This improvement in performance was attributed to the fact that TCNQ was applied to PVP and CuO to prevent agglomeration between particles with surface modification. Due to TCNQ, CuO could be dispersed to a small size in PVP; the bonds between chains in PVP weakened; the interaction between molecules weakened; and the free volume increased, as confirmed by FT-IR, TGA, and UV–Vis spectroscopy.     

FeCl_3/PVP胶体催化水合肼还原硝基苯

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为保护剂,采用水热合成法制备了FeCl3/PVP胶体催化剂,通过XRD和TEM方法对催化剂的形貌与结构进行了表征;考察了催化剂的制备条件(水热时间、PVP与FeCl3的摩尔比)和反应条件(反应温度、水合肼用量和催化剂用量)对还原反应的影响。实验结果表明,在PVP与FeCl3摩尔比1∶40、100℃下水热2h制得的胶体稳定性好、分散度高,其胶粒呈70～90nm的棒状结构。该胶体催化剂在催化水合肼还原硝基苯的反应中表现出很高的催化活性,在反应温度80℃、反应时间80min、硝基苯用量4.89mmol、无水乙醇用量5mL、FeCl3/PVP胶体催化剂用量2.0mL(nFe=0.150 0mmol)、n(水合肼)∶n(硝基苯)=2.5的条件下,苯胺收率可达100%。