Synaptic morphology of inner and outer hair cells of the human organ of Corti

Innervations of inner and outer hair cells of the organ of Corti of the human cochlea were studied by serial section electron microscopy. At the base of inner hair cells, presumed afferent fibers were of varying size and demonstrated synaptic specialization consisting of a presynaptic body, vesicles, and asymmetrical synaptic membrane specialization. Two types of neurons, vesiculated presumably efferent and nonvesiculated presumably afferent, synapsed at the base of outer hair cells. The synaptic specialization of afferent fibers included presynaptic body, vesicles, and asymmetrical membrane thickening, whereas efferent synapses demonstrated presynaptic vesicles and a subsynaptic cisterna. Some presumably afferent nerve terminals formed a reciprocal synapse with outer hair cells in both the human and the chimpanzee. Such a synaptic relationship demonstrated morphologic specialization consistent with both hair cell-to-neuron and neuron-to-hair cell transmission between the same outer hair cell and nerve terminal. The innervation density of inner and outer hair cells and the comparative anatomy of the afferent and efferent innervation are discussed.     

碳纤维材料在梁板加固工程中的应用

以南京某高校教学楼卫生间梁板加固工程为例，阐述了应用碳纤维材料对混凝土梁板进行结构补强加固的设计原理、施工工序，提出了应用碳纤维布进行结构加固时应注意的事项。     

Frequency-dependent dynamic effective properties of porous materials

The frequency-dependent dynamic effective properties (phase velocity, attenuation and elastic modulus) of porous materials are studied numerically. The coherent plane longitudinal and shear wave equations, which are obtained by averaging on the multiple scattering fields, are used to evaluate the frequency-dependent dynamic effective properties of a porous material. It is found that the prediction of the dynamic effective properties includes the size effects of voids which are not included in most prediction of the traditional static effective properties. The prediction of the dynamic effective elastic modulus at a relatively low frequency range is compared with that of the traditional static effective elastic modulus, and the dynamic effective elastic modulus is found to be very close to the Hashin-Shtrikman upper bound.     

空气中γ射线辐照聚碳硅烷陶瓷先

将聚碳硅烷(PCS)陶瓷先驱丝在开放空气中用γ射线辐照,然后在惰性气氛中高温热解制备出SiC纤维。研究了吸收剂量对先驱丝的结构、热分解特性以及热解产物微观形貌的影响。结果表明,在辐射作用下,空气中的氧与PCS中的部分Si—H发生氧化反应生成Si—OH,同时辐照产物中还形成了Si—C—Si,Si—O—Si等桥联结构。吸收剂量为0.5 MGy时,PCS先驱丝在热解过程中没有并丝;吸收剂量为3.0 MGy时,PCS先驱丝的凝胶含量和陶瓷产率分别达到75%和85.17%。这说明开放的空气气氛能够有效降低PCS先驱丝的不熔化处理剂量。     

烧结镍基高温合金丝网多孔材料的抗氧化性能研究

采用静态增重法,测试了两种不同尺寸的烧结镍基高温合金丝网多孔材料样品及致密单丝样品在900℃下的氧化动力学曲线与氧化速率;采用9410型全自动压汞仪测试多孔小样品的表面积,同时通过透气系数计算其表面积,并据此对多孔小样品的氧化速率进行修正;用SEM、EDS及XRD等手段观察分析多孔样品氧化100 h后的显微形貌与氧化物的组成情况。结果表明:经过100 h氧化实验,大、小多孔样品的氧化速率为单丝样品的7倍左右;多孔小样品修正后的氧化速率远远小于修正前的氧化速率,也小于单丝样品的氧化速率;多孔样品的表面氧化物呈球形,分布较为均匀,其组成主要为Ni Cr_2O_4。     

添加剂对多孔陶瓷显气孔率的影响

采用硅粉,碳粉,尿素以及氧化铝,氧化钇为原料,利用常压烧结法制备了氮化硅多孔陶瓷,并着重研究了添加剂对氮化硅多孔陶瓷显气孔率的影响,得出氮化硅多孔陶瓷的显气孔率随着碳粉或尿素含量的增加而增大,且碳粉的造孔作用优于尿素。     

稀释剂对Al2O3(f)/Ti-Al原位复合材料纤维相的影响

以Ti、Al、TiO2及Al2O3为原料,制成预制体,通过石墨与Al2O3混合粉对预制体的覆埋实现气氛保护并进行热处理,使其原位合成Al2O3纤维增强Ti-Al金属间化合物复合材料.考察了Al2O3对材料断口形貌组织、物相成分的影响,并结合DTA进行了热力学分析.XRD表明,外加Al2O3后材料氮化严重,主晶相由Al3Ti变为AlN.SEM表明,材料基体周围分布大量纤维,稀释剂Al2O3的加入有利于纤维的生长及分布.     

Crack Growth Resistance of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Cement Matrix Composites

The effect of hybrid fiber reinforcement on fracture energy and crack propagation in cement matrix composites is examined. The crack in cement matrix composites is allowed to fracture under mode-I loading with three-point bending beam specimens. The influence of fiber types and their combination is quantified by using the toughness index and fracture energy. A proper hybrid combination of steel fibers and polyvinyl alcohol microfibers enhances the resistance to both the nucleation and growth of the crack. The micromechanical model of hybrid composites by using a fiber bridging law is emphasized, and the numerical model prediction closely matches the behavior obtained from the experiment. The influencing role of the material parameters in the fracture tests (e.g., the fracture toughness index and fracture energy) becomes more apparent than ones used in some conventional strength-based or fiber pullout tests, and these fracture parameters could screen the effect of fiber/microfiber reinforcement in enhancing the crack growth resistance of cementitious composites. This study demonstrates that fundamental fracture tests are effective to characterize and develop high-performance hybrid fiber–reinforced cement matrix composites.     

激光烧结法制备原位增强型多孔镍基复合材料

对自熔性镍基合金和TiH_2的混合粉末进行了激光烧结实验,并采用XRD、SEM、EDX等分析手段对烧结试样的微观组织结构进行了表征,对试样中的孔结构及析出相的成形机制进行了初步探讨.结果表明,烧结后试样中存在原位增强相TiC、TiB_2和孔结构;大量微米级尺寸的圆孔以及呈放射状或针叶状的高温强化相CrB均匀分布于基体中.     

基于蒙特卡罗方法的复合材料辐射屏蔽设计北大核心CSCD

在乏燃料后处理厂的工作环境中可能存在着低能中子-γ射线混合辐射,严重威胁工作人员的人身安全。本文针对上述混合辐射环境,利用蒙特卡罗程序Geant4模拟计算了一种钨/硼纤维增强含硼/铋聚合物复合材料中不同材料参数对低能中子和γ射线综合防护效果的影响。结果显示,此种钨/硼纤维复合材料对低能中子和γ射线均具有良好的屏蔽效果。文章证实了纤维垂直排布方式具有比平行排布方式更优的屏蔽效果,且垂直排布方式下透过粒子束的强度分布更加均匀。此外,在聚合物基体中掺杂一定质量分数的硼/铋可以进一步增强复合材料的辐射屏蔽效果。依据这些结果我们认为此种复合材料可以为后处理厂等辐射环境中的防护服及相关防护用具提供参考。