Scattering of phonons by vacancies

The scattering of phonons by vacancies is estimated by a perturbation technique in terms of the missing mass and the missing linkages. An argument is given why distortion effects can be disregarded. The resonance frequency of the defect is sufficiently high so that resonance effects can be disregarded for phonons in the important frequency range for thermal conduction. The theory is applied to the thermal resistance by vacancies in cases where the vacancy concentration is known: potassium chloride with divalent cations, nonstoichiometric zirconium carbide, and tin telluride.     

Investigation of Potassium Storage in Layered P3‐Type K0.5MnO2 Cathode

Novel and low‐cost batteries are of considerable interest for application in large‐scale energy storage systems, for which the cost per cycle becomes critical. Here, this study proposes K_0.5MnO₂ as a potential cathode material for K‐ion batteries as an alternative to Li technology. K_0.5MnO₂ has a P3‐type layered structure and delivers a reversible specific capacity of ≈100 mAh g^?1 with good capacity retention. In situ X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that the material undergoes a reversible phase transition upon K extraction and insertion. In addition, first‐principles calculations indicate that this phase transition is driven by the relative phase stability of different oxygen stackings with respect to the K content.     

三种固废微粉对磷酸钾镁水泥浆体早期性能影响及作用机理

为改善磷酸钾镁水泥(MKPC)浆体的早期性能,并充分利用固废微粉,采用宏观性能测试和微观结构分析相结合的方法,研究了不同掺量的粉煤灰、钢渣和镍渣微粉对磷酸钾镁水泥浆体早期(常温养护24 h)的水化温度、抗压强度和体积变形的影响规律。结果表明:三种固废微粉的掺入,可使复合MKPC浆体的第一水化温度峰值降低3~10 ℃,其中钢渣的掺入效果显著,使其第一峰值出现的时间延迟30 min以上。考虑固废微粉的最大利用率并参照快速修补材料1 d强度不低于42.5 MPa的规定,粉煤灰、钢渣和镍渣微粉的适宜掺量分别为20%、30%和30%。复合MKPC硬化浆体在养护24 h时的体积膨胀率较对比组均有所增加。此外,微观分析表明含固废微粉的MKPC硬化浆体生成晶体的数量增多、尺寸变小且形貌发生改变,结构堆积也明显变得致密。     

硫酸钾尾液冷冻回收高硫钾比矿物工艺研究

以硫酸钾尾液为原料,研究低温冷冻回收高硫钾比矿物合理的工艺技术路线,探寻适宜的贮存条件,为加工车间夏季高温生产硫酸钾提供优质高硫钾比原料.在低温下进行冷冻试验,根据冷冻结晶矿物产率及其干基组分确定适宜的冷冻温度为-15～5℃,冷冻制得的结晶矿物硫钾比均在3.0～5.1,符合夏季生产硫酸钾所需原料硫钾比>2.5的要求.高...     

Surface acoustic wave properties of aluminum oxide films on lithium niobate

Aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) films have been deposited on lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) substrates by electron beam evaporation without any interlayer between them to ensure a good adhesion of the Al₂O₃ films to LiNbO₃ substrates. As Al₂O₃ thin films can sufficiently increase the surface acoustic wave (SAW) velocity, they can be used to improve the performance of the SAW device. The SAW phase velocity in the Al₂O₃/LiNbO₃ structure was found to increase with the insertion of an Al₂O₃ film, which can be attributed to the stiffening effect of the Al₂O₃ layer. The velocity change ratio of SAW was about 4.39% (at 304 MHz) for the Al₂O₃ (9.7 μm)/LiNbO₃ sample. A comparison with other findings in literature reveals that this result is better than what is available from diamond-like carbon/SiC buffer layer/LiNbO₃ structure, whose the velocity change ratio is 2%.     

四苯硼钠比浊界限分析法测钾

试样经掩蔽铁杂质后,在微酸性条件下用四苯硼钠沉淀钾离子再与钾标准进行比浊,该方法便捷,测定范围为≥0．4≤1．2g／1KClO3。     

钾素对小麦生长发育及籽粒产量的影响

１９９３～１９９５年采取田间试验和池栽试验相结合的方法,对钾素的增产效应进行了研究。结果表明：高产条件下增施钾肥,能够增加小麦植株基部１,２节间粗度和壁厚,提高植株抗倒能力;能够提高叶面积系数,增加旗叶Ｃｈｌ含量,减少Ｏ_２~－产生,降生ＭＤＡ含量,延缓叶片衰老促进干物质积累与运转,增粒增重,从而显著增加小麦产量。但施钾量超过 １５０ｋｇ．ｈｍ~２以后其效果有所下降。     

NBT-KBT-NN无铅压电陶瓷性能研究

采用传统陶瓷的制备方法,制备出(1-x)Na0.44K0.06Bi0.5TiO3-xNaNbO3(x=0~0.10)的无铅压电陶瓷。X-射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,所研究的组成均形成纯钙钛矿(ABO3)型固溶体,其晶体结构则随NaNbO3含量的增加由三方转变为假立方结构,并最终转变为立方结构。陶瓷材料的介电常数-温度曲线显示该体系材料为弛豫型铁电体,随着NaNbO3的增加,材料的弛豫性增强;采用改进的居里-外斯定理可较好地描述材料的介电常数-温度关系。测试了不同组成陶瓷的压电性能,当NaNbO5含量为0.08 mol时,陶瓷的压电常数d33和平面机电耦合系数kp比基础组成略有下降,但其介电常数3Tε3/0ε和介质损耗tanδ则有较大程度的增加。     

Sm2O3掺杂对铌镁酸铅铁电陶瓷介电性能的影响

为了改善铌镁酸铅(PMN)的介电性能及温度稳定性,采用铌铁矿法制备了Sm<,2>O<,3>掺杂的PMN陶瓷(PSMN).研究了Sm<,2>O<,3>掺杂对PMN铁电陶瓷介电性能的影响.结果表明:随着钐掺杂量x(Sm)的增加,PSMN陶瓷的晶粒尺寸减小、分布均一,材料的相变温度向远离居里点的低温方向移动,相对介电常数峰值...     

Si-玻璃阳极键合失效机理研究

在采用Si-玻璃阳极键合技术制备微惯性传感器的过程中,实验发现键合圆片中心区域键合失效。通过对键合机理和工艺过程进行分析,认为湿法腐蚀工艺引入钾离子(K+)污染是造成键合失效的主要原因,也可以对键合失效现象给出合理的解释。改变工艺参数进行了键合对比实验,结果表明,未受K+污染的键合圆片没有发生键合失效现象。提出了解决键合失效问题的两种方案,并首次提出在Si片表面生长氧化层提高失效区键合强度的方法;从理论上分析了增加SiO2介质层的可行性。强度测试结果表明,在SiO2厚度为150nm时,键合剪切强度达到14MPa,验证了方案的可靠性。利用上述方法制备出微加速度传感器敏感结构。