硫酸钾生产工艺改造

介绍了曼海姆炉的结构特点、生产硫酸钾的反应原理，以及新砌筑曼海姆炉的烘炉程序、生产运行所需条件和生产中曼海姆炉常出现的问题及解决问题的办法，推荐了几种曼海姆炉的工艺改造方案。经过改进后反应炉运行良好，可以延长反应炉的修炉周期，从而延长了反应炉的使用寿命，提高了硫酸钾的产量，节约了大量的修炉费用。     

污水COD超标的影响因素及解决措施

通过对总排污口污水中主要还原性物质逐项进行掩蔽,分析掩蔽前后污水COD值的变化,找出了影响COD的主要因素并提出了改进措施,使排污总口COD值大幅降低。     

铁电晶体TGS的快速生长

报道了TGS晶体的溶液状态及其快速生长的实验结果。发现了pH为2.52的溶液是实现快速生长的最佳溶液,利用快速旋转叶片来加速溶液对流,对于截面积为40mm×40 mm的(010)面,其生长速度达到了5mm/d,对快速生长的TGS晶体的性能研究表明:其热电和介电性能也发生了一些变化。     

Predicting external sulphur requirement of alfalfa from sulphate sorption isotherm of Tanzanian soils

For Tanzanian soils dominant in hydrous oxides of iron and amorphous ferri-alumino silicate, a 48-hour (hr) mixing period with the sulphate (SO₄) solution was adequate for a near-equilibrium condition. Although differing in their SO₄ sorption capacity, all the soils sorbed SO₄ at or beyond 1µg ml^–1 sulphur (S) concentration in the supernatant. Hydroxyl (OH) ions were displaced during SO₄ sorption as indicated by a significant positive correlation between the amount of sorbed SO₄ and the difference in pH values determined in 0.1N K₂ SO₄ and 0.1N KCl, i.e. the dpH values.In a greenhouse experiment, alfalfa was grown on eight soils at six adjusted S concentrations. Sulphur deficiency symptoms appeared in the control pots of those soils which were low in native sorbed SO₄, SO₄ sorption capacity and initial soil solution S concentration. Sulphur fertilization increased dry matter (DM) yield as well as response to applied S. The external S concentration, i.e. adjusted S concentration required for 95% of the maximum DM yield, ranged from 0.8 to 8.2µg S ml^–1 with values less than 2.0 on most of the soils. The external S concentration decreased hyperbolically as the SO₄ sorption capacity of the soils increased. The total amount of fertilizer S required to obtain the external S concentration in solution, and at the same time satisfy the SO₄ sorption capacity of the soil at the external S concentration (determined from the sorption isotherm) was defined as the external S requirement for the specified yield level of alfalfa. The external S requirement for 95% of the maximum yield of alfalfa varied from soil to soil due to differences in their capacity and intensity for S nutrition.Part of a thesis by the senior author for the MSc (Agric) degree of the University of Dar es Salaam     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵活化催化合成香豆素

以无水碳酸钾为催化剂、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HTMAB)为活化剂，用水杨醛和醋酸酐为原料通过Perkin反应合成香豆素，研究了物料比、催化剂用量和HTMAB用量和反应近结束时保温时间对产率的影响。结果表明：用HTMAB为活化剂，可有效活化碱催化剂无水碳酸钾，提高了其碱性，与无HTMAB时相比，香豆素产率有较大提高，其最佳反应条件是n(水杨醛)：n(乙酸酐)：n(碳酸钾)：n（HTMAB)为1．00：3．00：0．25：0．03，反应温度185℃，反应近结束时保温3h，香豆素产率可达85．3％。     

厌氧污泥处理含铬废物的研究

利用城市污水处理厂的厌氧污泥对含铬废物进行解毒研究,结果表明,在厌氧条件下,厌氧污泥对重铬酸钾溶液和铬渣进行解毒后,滤液中的Cr6+质量浓度极低,大大低于《污水综合排放标准》的0.5 mg/L。厌氧污泥的解毒效果与含铬物料的量、解毒时间等因素有关。     

离子自拆分法合成D-(一)-对羟基苯甘氨酸

研究了用离子自拆分方法拆分外消旋对羟基苯甘氨酸(DL-HPG)而合成D-(—)-对羟基苯甘氨酸(D-HPG)。采用正交试验确定了最佳反应条件:在丙酮和水的混合溶剂中,等物质的量的DL-HPG和硫酸在60℃下加入D-HPG,搅拌反应15min左右,降温过滤得到D-HPG的硫酸盐,水解即可得到D-HPG(光学纯度99％),一次性总收率达到20％。适于工业生产。     

掺钾的锰－铈氧化物催化剂结构和甲苯完全氧化反应性能

本文研究了负载的铈－锰氧化物上掺钾对甲苯完全氧化反应性能的影响．结果表明当铈锰原子比为２：１以及钾锰原子比为０．４：１时．催化剂活性最好．稳定性实验表明．在２５０ｈ的时间内活性基本稳定不变．ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ表征结果显示铈的加入促进了锰的高分散，加入的钾也显示高分散．表面上铈锰的比例与体相基本一致．铈和锰氧化物的Ｏｌｓ峰具有相同的结合能。     

The roles of nitrogen,phosphorus and Potassium in the production of sugarcane in South Africa

The amounts of N and K fertilizers used in the South African sugar industry have increased dramatically in the past four decades, due partly to an increase in the area under sugarcane but also to large increases in the amounts of N and K fertilizers applied per hectare. There has also been an increase in the amount of P fertilizer used but this has been more gradual. The main fertilizer carriers for cane and their relative efficiency are discussed. During this period there has been considerable research into the nutrient requirements of sugarcane. Correlations established between soil and leaf analysis and crop responses to N, P and K fertilizers, and their effects on cane quality, are reviewed. While fertilizer recommendations based on soil and leaf analysis have provided a useful guide for determining the nutrient requirements of cane, they are continually being modified in the light of current research.     

铅酸电池管式正极添加四碱式硫酸铅晶种的研究

在铅酸电池正极铅粉中加入一定量的四碱式硫酸铅（4BS）,按照工业化的操作工艺,制备出原料中4BS含量不同的正极板,并与常规负极板组装成小电池。对正极的初始容量和循环寿命等电化学性能做了测试,结果表明,在添加粒径为1.5 μm的4BS质量分数达1%时,65 ℃固化后,正极初始容量和循环寿命分别为未加4BS正极的1.02倍和1.06倍,4BS的加入提升了电池容量和电池寿命等的综合性能;XRD结果显示,原料中加4BS的正极中β-PbO₂含量稍高于未加4BS的正极;SEM结果显示,加4BS的正极活性物质更细小,大小更均匀。