食品防腐剂丙酸钙中微量元素铬的测定

测定用鸡蛋壳制作的食品防腐剂———丙酸钙中痕量铬并对其可信度进行证明。采用化学发光法和石墨炉原子吸收法进行测定并比较其结果。两种方法均可达到快速、简便、干扰小、重现性好,均可达到生产中检测的要求。化学发光法的最低检出限为1.5×10-12g/ml,Cr3+在1×10-10～1×10-6g/ml浓度范围内与发光强度呈较好的线性关系。采用石墨炉原子吸收体系检测,最低检出限为1×10-12g/ml,标准曲线范围为0～1×10-6g/ml。     

生物保鲜剂处理结合气调包装对冷鲜滩羊肉贮藏品质的影响

目的 研究生物保鲜剂结合气调包装在4±1℃下对冷鲜滩羊肉贮藏品质的影响,探究复合保鲜技术的可行性。方法 以冷鲜滩羊肉的菌落总数为指标,通过响应面优化实验得到二次多项回归模型Y菌落总数和响应面回归方差分析表,并通过验证实验验证复合保鲜剂的合适配比。结果 复合保鲜剂最佳质量配比为：壳聚糖：1.5%、茶多酚：1.2%、Nisin：0.04%;联合保鲜使得样品在0、4、8、12、16、20、24 d在4℃±1℃下的菌数总数、pH、硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARS)、挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)、色泽、蒸煮损失率、硬度、弹性、黏聚性、回复性均随着贮藏时间的延长有不同程度的增加。4±1℃条件下,贮藏后期菌落总数变化速率高于贮藏初期(P<0.05),且实验组的pH、TBARS、TVB-N、蒸煮损失率均高于对照组。贮藏至第16 d时实验组相比对照组菌落总数值相差2.01 lg(CFU/g)、pH相差0.69、TBARS相差0.56 mg/kg、TVB-N相差0.92 mg/100 g、蒸煮损失率相差1.7%,同时实验组肉贮藏期间a*优于对照组,肉的硬度、弹性、回复性均下降缓慢。结论 生物保鲜剂联合气调包装(75% O2+20% CO2+5% N2)可以维持冷鲜滩羊肉贮藏期间的良好品质且根据冷鲜肉微生物标准可以延长货架期约4~6 d。     

九种精油的抗菌活性及其防腐特性研究

文章比较了九种精油的抑菌活性,并对其在牛奶和圣女果的防腐性进行了初步研究,实验表明:牛至、大蒜、山苍子和桉叶油对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌有较强的抑杀作用,大蒜精油对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的MIC为0.125%,大蒜和花椒精油还具有很好的防腐作用,可抑制牛奶和圣女果的腐败变质。     

Assessment of chitosan and extracts of lemon and sage as natural antimicrobial agents during Fior di latte cheesemaking

The use of antimicrobial active compounds (chitosan, lemon and sage extract) in Fior di latte cheesemaking was assessed. The three agents were added at different concentrations during processing cow’s milk. Control cheese was also made without active compounds. All cheese samples were kept at 4°C for 7 days and investigated for sensory and microbiological properties. Results clearly showed that the addition of lemon extract and chitosan increased cheese shelf life. In particular, the highest increase (129%) was recorded by adding 1000 mg/kg of lemon. In contrast, the addition of sage extract negatively affected the sensory properties, thus making the cheese unacceptable.     

氧化铝对水体中重金属离子吸附去除研究

以木材防腐剂CCA中的重金属铬、砷和铜为研究对象,评价了氧化铝对3种重金属的同时吸附去除效果,并对3种重金属在氧化铝上相互作用机理进行了探讨.结果表明,铬对氧化铝去除砷和铜均无显著影响;砷显著抑制氧化铝对铬的去除,但促进铜的去除;铜促进氧化铝对铬和砷的去除;铬主要通过外层作用(静电吸附,离子交换等方式)吸附在氧化铝的表面上;而砷主要通过内层吸附(专性吸附)在氧化铝的表面上,因而引起氧化铝的等电点朝较低的pH移动;铜主要通过专性吸附和沉淀作用得以去除.总体上,在中性环境下,氧化铝对3种重金属可同时具有较好的去除效果.     

Natural Antifungal Peptides/Proteins as Model for Novel Food Preservatives

A large range of ingredients for food and food products are subject to fungal contamination, which is a major cause of destruction of crops, exposure of animals and humans to invasive mycotoxins, and food spoilage. The resistance of fungal species to common preservation methods highlights the necessity of new ways to increase the shelf life of raw material for food and food products. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are essential members of the immune system of most living organisms. Due to their broad range of activity and their stability to commonly used food processes, they represent promising alternatives to traditional preservatives. However, despite the growing number of reports of potential food applications of these AMPs, the number of approved peptides is low. Poor solubility, toxicity, and a time‐consuming extraction are hurdles that limit their application in food products. Thanks to a deep understanding of the key determinants of their activity, the development of optimized synthetic peptides has reduced these drawbacks. This review presents natural and synthetic antifungal peptides/proteins (AFPs), effective against food‐related fungi, with particular emphasis on AFPs from plant sources. The design of novel antifungal peptides via key elements of antifungal activity is also reviewed. The potential applications of natural and synthetic AFPs as novel antifungal food preservatives are finally discussed.     

阿拉伯胶/白色玫瑰茄提取物复合涂膜对低温贮藏蓝莓保鲜效果的影响

为改善低温贮藏蓝莓果实易于腐败的问题,探讨一种可以改善蓝莓贮藏品质的保鲜处理方法。实验以‘兔眼’蓝莓品种为试材,在（4.0±0.5）℃、相对湿度75%的贮藏条件下,采用100 mg/mL阿拉伯胶＋体积分数1.5%甘油（M1）、100 mg/mL阿拉伯胶＋体积分数1.5%甘油＋体积分数1.5%白色玫瑰茄提取物（white roselle extract,WRE）（M2）、100 mg/mL阿拉伯胶＋体积分数1.5%甘油＋体积分数2.5% WRE（M3）3 种可食性涂膜液对蓝莓样品进行涂膜处理,通过分析果实理化性质、抗氧化酶活力和抗氧化物质含量等指标的变化,探讨复合涂膜对低温贮藏蓝莓保鲜效果的影响。结果表明：在低温贮藏的条件下,阿拉伯胶复合涂膜可以显著减缓蓝莓果实质量损失、降低腐烂率和延缓硬度降低（P＜0.05）,并能维持果实较高的总酚、花色苷含量和较好的感官品质,显著抑制多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase ,PPO）活力和降低果实表面褐变程度（P＜0.05）;且M3涂膜剂在抑制低温贮藏蓝莓果实PPO活力、维持果实总酚和花色苷含量、改善感官品质方面具有最佳效果。综合分析各项指标可得出,M3涂膜剂对低温贮藏蓝莓的保鲜效果最好。     

肉桂油及其β-环糊精包合物对鲜切西瓜的保鲜效果

以鲜切西瓜为试材,设置肉桂油（cinnamon oil,CO）、CO-β-环糊精（β-cyclodextrin,β-CD）包合物和空白对照3 个处理组,通过测定微生物和品质指标变化,研究CO及其β-CD包合物对鲜切西瓜的保鲜效果。结果表明：贮藏期间,鲜切西瓜质量损失率、菌落总数和可滴定酸质量分数呈现增加趋势,L*值和a*值呈现下降趋势,可溶性固形物含量先增加后下降,上述指标冷藏比常温贮藏变化缓慢;其中CO-β-CD包合物（含CO 0.040 8 g/100 g西瓜）结合4 ℃冷藏处理对鲜切西瓜保鲜效果最好,可以有效抑制西瓜质量损失率和可滴定酸质量分数的增加,降低西瓜褐变程度,保持西瓜较高可溶性固形物含量;冷藏4 d,该处理条件下西瓜菌落总数显著低于对照和其他处理组（P＜0.05）,感官分数显著高于对照和CO处理组（P＜0.05）,仍然具有商品价值。CO被β-CD包埋后稳定性提高并可以掩盖肉桂醛气味,有效维持西瓜品质,延长保质期,在鲜切西瓜保鲜上具有较好的应用前景。     

低场核磁结合电子鼻判定复合保鲜剂对冷藏虹鳟鱼片品质变化的影响

以质构、pH值、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)值、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)值及菌落总数为评价指标,同时采用低场核磁共振(LF-NMR)及电子鼻技术对鱼片贮藏期间的水分和挥发性成分变化进行检测,研究复合保鲜剂(壳聚糖、茶多酚及柠檬汁)对虹鳟鱼片贮藏期间品质的影响。结果表明,复合保鲜剂组能较好地维持鱼片质构特性,同时可延缓鱼片TBA值、TVB-N值及菌落总数的增加。低场核磁测得两组鱼片贮藏期间T21幅值逐渐降低,在贮藏后期(12~14d),保鲜剂组鱼片自由水比例显著低于对照组(P0.05),且两组鱼片自由水比例与初期比较均增加。电子鼻PCA分析及LDA分析均可较好地区分贮藏期间鱼片的品质变化,LA分析发现引起鱼片新鲜度变化的主要成分为氮氧化合物、无机硫化物、芳香成分物质和乙醇等,而PCA分析结果表明对照组鱼片第6天开始发生腐败变质,保鲜剂组鱼片第10天开始趋于腐败。综上表明,低场核磁及电子鼻检测结果与理化指标结果具有一致性。     

Novel natural food preservatives and applications in seafood preservation: a review

Food preservative additives are natural or synthetic substances which delay degradation in foods caused by microbial growth, enzyme activity, and oxidation. Until recently, the use of synthetic additives in food was more common. However, synthetic additives have not been widely accepted by consumers in recent years due to their assumed adverse effects on their health. Therefore, the tendency of consumers to natural additives is increasing day-by-day. Seafood is an easily perishable food due to its chemical composition. Immediately after harvest, changes in odor, taste, and texture in fishery products can be noticed. For this reason, measures to protect the product must be taken immediately after harvest or catching. Various preservation methods have been developed. In addition to various technological methods, preservative additives are used in fresh or processed seafood as well as in other foods. This review focuses on novel natural preservatives from different sources such as plants, bacteria, fungi, animals and algae, and their use in seafood to protect quality and prolong shelf life. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry