Strategies to improve the nutritional value of meat products: incorporation of bioactive compounds,reduction or elimination of harmful components and alternative technologies

Meat is an excellent source of protein with a good balance of amino acids. It is also rich in several minerals, vitamins and bioactive compounds, which play important roles in metabolism and are easily assimilated from meat compared with other foods. The nutritional value of meat is one of the factors that influence consumer acceptance. However, it can be significantly reduced during processing. Moreover, some operations, such as curing, smoking or fermentation, used for processing can lead to the formation of harmful components in meat, and hence, nutritionists associate high consumption of processed meat with an increased risk of several diseases such as cardiovascular disorders and cancers. This review deals with the distinctive aspects of the technological strategies that can be used to improve the nutritional value of meat products, including the incorporation of bioactive components, reduction or elimination of harmful components (e.g. nitrite/nitrate, fat) and alternative technologies (ultrasound).     

益生菌在宠物食品中的应用研究

通过给试验犬饲喂添加益生菌的犬粮,采用气相色谱法检测宠物代谢物如乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异戊酸、对甲酚、吲哚、3-甲基吲哚的含量,研究益生菌的添加对宠物消化代谢的影响。结果表明:在宠物食品中添加益生菌,试验犬粪便中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸的含量明显增加,异戊酸、吲哚、3-甲基吲哚等腐败物质的含量均有所下降。     

一株芽孢杆菌对河蟹蚤状一期幼体益生作用的初步研究

通过单株细菌感染河蟹蚤状幼体的方法获得一株对河蟹蚤状一期幼体有益生作用的菌株No.7,与对照组相比提高河蟹一期幼体的成活率13%,5d时与对照组相比变态率增加31%,该菌株有望成为河蟹幼体的益生菌株.对菌株No.7进行形态观察和16SrDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.).     

The Potential of Probiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, and peripheral vascular disease, is the leading cause of global mortality. Current therapies against atherosclerosis, which mostly target the dyslipidemia associated with the disease, have considerable residual risk for cardiovascular disease together with various side effects. In addition, the outcomes from clinical trials on many promising pharmaceutical agents against atherosclerosis (e.g., low‐dose methotrexate, inhibitors against cholesteryl ester transfer protein) have been disappointing. Nutraceuticals such as probiotic bacteria have, therefore, generated substantial recent interest for the prevention of atherosclerosis and potentially as add‐ons with current pharmaceutical drugs. This review will discuss the current understanding of the anti‐atherogenic actions of probiotics from preclinical and clinical studies together with their potential underlying mechanisms of action.     

一株Bifidobacterium longum CCFM760的生理特性、安全性评价和基因分析

长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium longum CCFM760)是一株从江苏省无锡市滨湖区两岁健康幼女粪便分离筛选得到的具有良好缓解便秘功效的益生菌。作者对其生长产酸能力、人工模拟肠胃液耐受性、抑菌能力、低聚糖利用能力、抗生素耐受能力和总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性进行了检测。该菌具有良好的生长产酸能力和人工模拟肠胃液耐受性,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑制作用,能显著利用7种低聚糖,对14种抗生素敏感,培养液中总SOD活性达到(99.14±9.91)U/mL。此外,对该菌进行基因组草图测序,并从基因组角度解析了其低聚糖代谢能力、抗生素敏感性以及抗氧化能力。以上结果表明,B.longum CCFM760是一株安全的、具有实际应用潜力的益生菌。     

牛蒡复合益生菌酸奶发酵条件的优化

本研究以胡萝卜、牛蒡、山药等为原料,添加复合益生菌制备益生菌复合酸奶并对其发酵条件进行了优化。实验结果表明,胡萝卜、牛蒡、山药的添加质量分数分别为20%、15%和10%时,发酵温度在40℃时,时间在7 h条件下,发酵的复合益生菌酸奶品质最好。乳酸菌接种量为5%～6%时,复合益生菌酸奶的酸性约为80%,持水性约为70%;通过发酵温度和发酵时间的对比,证明复合益生菌酸奶最佳发酵条件为:接种量为5%,发酵时间为7 h,发酵温度为40℃。实验结果表明:所提发酵条件能够更好实现复合益生菌酸奶的发酵优化,且得到的酸奶发酵后质量最佳。     

An Overview: The Toxicity of Ageratina adenophora on Animals and Its Possible Interventions

Ageratina adenophora is one of the major invasive weeds that causes instability of the ecosystem. Research has reported that A. adenophora produces allelochemicals that inhibit the growth and development of food crops, and also contain some toxic compounds that cause toxicity to animals that consume it. Over the past decades, studies on the identification of major toxic compounds of A. adenophora and their toxic molecular mechanisms have been reported. In addition, weed control interventions, such as herbicides application, was employed to reduce the spread of A. adenophora. However, the development of therapeutic and prophylactic measures to treat the various A. adenophora—induced toxicities, such as hepatotoxicity, splenotoxicity and other related disorders, have not been established to date. The main toxic pathogenesis of A. adenophora is oxidative stress and inflammation. However, numerous studies have verified that some extracts and secondary metabolites isolated from A. adenophora possess anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation activities, which implies that these extracts can relieve toxicity and aid in the development of drug or feed supplements to treat poisoning-related disorders caused by A. adenophora. Furthermore, beneficial bacteria isolated from rumen microbes and A. adenophora can degrade major toxic compounds in A. adenophora so as to be developed into microbial feed additives to help ameliorate toxicity mediated by A. adenophora. This review presents an overview of the toxic mechanisms of A. adenophora, provides possible therapeutic strategies that are available to mitigate the toxicity of A. adenophora and introduces relevant information on identifying novel prophylactic and therapeutic measures against A. adenophora—induced toxicity.     

益生菌在我国保健食品中的应用进展

由于益生菌类原料在调节肠道菌群和增强免疫力保健功能的研究比较系统,健康功效明确,因此,其在保健食品中应用越来越广泛,而且部分菌株已被国家市场监督管理总局明文规定允许用于婴幼儿食品的开发.随着科学技术的快速发展以及相关研究的不断深入,益生菌类原料具有的其它保健功能不断被发掘,而且作用机理也不断明晰,这为其在保健食品行业的...     

乳酸菌R8高密度培养的发酵工艺研究

以乳杆菌R8菌株为材料,对其高密度发酵培养工艺进行了研究。以菌体密度(OD600)及碳源(葡萄糖)的利用情况为主要参考指标,研究了中和剂、pH、接种量、初始糖含量、通气方式以及补料工艺等对菌体在发酵罐内生长的影响,并对试验菌进行250 L中试放大工艺的优化。优化菌体小试发酵工艺为:将种子液以8%(V/V)的接种量接种于装液量70%的小罐,初糖浓度40 g/L,搅拌转速100 r/min,间歇通氮气维持一定的厌氧环境,自动流加12.5%的氨水控制pH恒定在5.8,37℃恒温发酵。250 L中试发酵工艺为:将控制pH 5.8,37℃恒温发酵7 h左右的种子液以8%接种量接种于装液量为70%的250 L发酵罐,搅拌转速60 r/min,自动流加氨水控制pH 5.8,间歇通氮气不保压(每2 h以0.2 vvm的速率通氮气5 min),37℃恒温发酵10 h左右结束。250 L规模所得发酵液的活菌浓度约为8×109 CFU/mL,经真空冷冻干燥所得的菌粉活菌浓度约为1.2×1011 CFU/g。