益生菌发酵南瓜浆的研究

该实验研究了瑞士乳杆菌、肠膜明串珠菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌在发酵南瓜浆过程中的生长规律及其内在联系,根据活菌数、产酸速度和感官评价筛选出适合于南瓜浆发酵用的菌株。结果表明,瑞士乳杆菌迟滞期最短,4 h内就处于对数生长期,发酵速度较快;发酵结束时,鼠李糖乳杆菌活菌数最高,达到9.0 lg（CFU/mL）。发酵过程中,活菌数、pH、乳酸含量、还原糖含量变化存在一种对应关系。瑞士乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵南瓜浆感官评分最高,分别为4.8分、4.6分。综合考虑,瑞士乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌更适合发酵南瓜浆。     

益生菌发酵小米浆的工艺优化

以感官评分和菌落总数为评价指标,通过单因素及正交试验对煮制后小米浆的发酵工艺进行优化。结果表明,在浸泡、煮制并打浆后的小米浆中加入白砂糖6.5%、接种4%复合菌种（鼠李糖乳杆菌∶植物乳杆菌=1∶1）、37 ℃条件下发酵28 h,获得的发酵小米浆感官评分和活菌数都较高,分别为87.81分、8.79 lg（CFU/mL）。且发酵后的小米浆还原糖含量、总酚含量、总矿物质释放率和氨基酸态氮含量分别由原来的0.28 g/100 g、0.13 μg/mL、1.28%、6.32 mg/100 g提高至0.66 g/100 g、0.75 μg/mL、5.43%、25.76 mg/100 g。     

响应面法优化复合益生菌发酵枸杞汁的工艺研究

以宁夏枸杞干果为主要原料,利用复合益生菌进行发酵。通过单因素和响应面试验设计,分别考察菌种比例、料水比、接种量和发酵时间对发酵枸杞汁品质的影响。结果表明,最佳发酵条件为复合益生菌配比为植物乳杆菌∶肠膜明串珠菌∶嗜热链球菌∶保加利亚乳杆菌=3∶3∶2∶1,料水比（枸杞干果∶水）为1∶9（g∶mL）,接种量5%,发酵时间8 h。发酵后测得发酵枸杞汁中的乳酸含量为432 mg/100 mL,活菌数为2.3×108 CFU/mL,总糖含量为155 mg/100 mL,总黄酮含量为0.25 mg/100 mL,蛋白质含量为0.2 g/100 mL,感官评分达到96分;发酵枸杞汁颜色为鲜亮的橘红色,口感细腻柔和,发酵香气浓郁且具有枸杞特征滋味。     

Viability assessment of lactic acid bacteria in commercial dairy products stored at 4 °C using LIVE/DEAD® BacLightTM staining and conventional plate counts

The viability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from commercial fermented milks was studied during storage at 4 °C. The enumeration of total viable bacteria was assessed using fluorescence microscopy. Plate counting on selective media was used to enumerate LAB. Using LIVE/DEAD® BacLight^TM viability staining, it was observed that bacterial counts decreased gradually after expiry dates, the number of viable bacteria remaining above 10⁶ bacteria g^?1 for all of the products. Viable cell counts estimated by plating onto selective media were lower than those obtained by direct microscopic counting. The viability of LAB contained in acid products decreased during their storage period at 4 °C. All products contain viable LAB ranging from 10⁸ to 10⁹ bacteria g^?1 and could be considered as probiotic, given that the recommended minimum number of probiotic bacteria in such food products is approximately 10⁷ bacteria mL^?1 product. The number of bifidobacteria in commercial fermented milks declared to contain bifidobacteria varied from 10⁴ to 10⁷ bacteria mL^?1. This study confirms the usefulness of fluorescent techniques for a rapid and accurate evaluation of bacterial viability in probiotic products.     

牛乳低聚肽在益生菌酸奶中的应用

研究了牛乳低聚肽在益生菌酸奶中的应用。以益生菌酸乳发酵剂与传统酸乳发酵剂作为共同发酵荆．在鲜牛奶或还原奶中添：加益生菌生长促进因子一牛乳低聚肽，进行益生菌酸奶的研制。通过实验确定了最佳配方及生产工艺。     

两株具有潜在益生作用的人源链球菌的安全性评价

对分离于健康儿童口咽部的2株对金黄色葡萄球菌等常见致病菌具有广谱拮抗作用的甲型链球菌菌株1-4和4-2的安全性进行评价,为其作为呼吸道益生菌产品的研发和制备提供安全性依据.通过给予SPF级小鼠口服含有菌株1-4和4-2不同剂量的菌液的急性毒性实验以及耐药性的测定,观察动物是否出现死亡,急性毒性体征,细菌移位生长等情况....     

益生菌选择性计数方法的研究

介绍了双歧杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌复合菌株菌落计数的方法，并通过正交实验筛选得到双歧杆菌选择性计数的最适抗菌素；同时改变培养环境也能对嗜酸乳杆菌进行选择性计数。     

The effect of a commercial probiotic product on the milk quality of dairy cows

Probiotics intended to improve plant health and productivity of pastures grazed by dairy cow are becoming commercially available in Australia. Great Land (GL; Terragen Biotech Pty Ltd., Coolum Beach, QLD, Australia) is one such biologic soil conditioner and spray-on probiotic with a label claim of “acting to improve plant health and productivity.” The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of GL on the milk quality of cows grazing pasture top-dressed with GL. Lactating dairy cows of mixed age and breed (primarily Holstein-Friesian), in their second lactation or greater, and at least 80 d in milk were enrolled and randomly allocated into 1 of 2 study groups: a treatment cow group (n = 98; cows grazed pasture that was top-dressed with GL according to the product label) and a control cow group (n = 114; cows grazed untreated pasture). As required, both groups were supplemented at the same rate with a mixed ration during the grazing period. Composite milk samples were collected weekly from each cow during the study and analyzed to determine milk components. Milk volumes were recorded at each milking using the herd management software of the study farm. Mean differences in the milk component variables were compared using mixed-effects linear regression models. After controlling for the effect of days in milk, cow lactation, and time since a cow entered the study, the treatment cows produced an average of 1.21 L/cow per day more milk (95% confidence interval: 0.34–2.08 L/cow per day) and more milk protein (0.03 kg/d; 95% confidence interval: 0.01–0.05 kg/d) than the control cows. Pasture cover and pasture consumption did not differ between the GL-treated and the untreated study paddocks grazed by the treatment or control cows. A limited amount of published data have examined the effect of probiotic pasture treatment on the milk quality of dairy cows. This study suggests that application of such products may be beneficial. The mechanisms associated with this type of outcome remain to be investigated.     

Health and growth of veal calves fed milk replacers with or without probiotics

Four experiments with 1-wk-old veal calves were conducted to assess the influence of probiotics on growth and health indicators. In experiments 1 and 2, the liquid probiotic supplements were administered daily from experimental d 1 to 15. The treatment period in experiments 3 and 4 was extended to 56 d. The probiotics used were a multispecies probiotic (MSPB) containing different probiotic species of human origin, or a calf-specific probiotic (CSPB) containing 6 Lactobacillus species isolated from calf feces and selected on the basis of a combination of characteristics.When the data for the 4 experiments were pooled, the probiotics enhanced growth rate during the first 2 wk. During the 8-wk experimental period, average daily gain and feed efficiency were significantly improved in the probiotic-treated groups. The MSPB-induced increase in weight gain was greater when the control calves were considered less healthy based on a health score (an index of diarrhea and therapeutic treatments). Probiotic treatment tended to diminish mortality. The CSPB treatment reduced the incidence of diarrhea and the fecal counts of coliforms. When therapeutic treatment was intensive in the control calves, the ingestion of probiotics reduced the percentage of calves that required therapy and the amount of treatments needed against digestive or respiratory diseases. There was no clear difference in the efficiency of the MSPB and CSPB preparations. Further research is necessary to identify underlying mechanisms and to evaluate the potential of probiotics to improve respiratory health in veal calf production.     

Oligosaccharides prepared by acid hydrolysis of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) pulp and their prebiotic activities

As a rich source of polysaccharides, pumpkin pulp was used for the production of oligosaccharides. To investigate the prebiotic potential of the oligosaccharides, prepared by acid hydrolysis of polysaccharides from pumpkin pulp, the effect of the oligosaccharides on lactobacilli growth was studied. The oligosaccharides were composed of galactose (99.03%) and glucose (0.97%). The molecular weight distribution of the oligosaccharides showed a larger part of low molecular weight fraction in a range from 5000 to 324 Da than the polysaccharides, which gave the oligosaccharides higher solubility. The oligosaccharides showed good resistance to hydrolysis by artificial human gastric juice and α‐amylase, compared to the reference prebiotic inulin, and considerable capability to stimulate the growth of lactobacilli. In vitro studies showed that the number of lactobacilli was significantly greater than those in control medium when they were cultured in the medium supplemented with the oligosaccharides (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference at the oligosaccharides group and the inulin group (P < 0.05).