含硫硅烷偶联剂对白炭黑填充天然橡胶填料网络结构及流变行为的影响

通过橡胶加工分析仪研究了分别添加偶联荆双(三乙氧基丙基硅烷)四硫化物(TESPT)、双(三乙氧基丙基硅烷)二硫化物(TESPD)、3-丙酰基硫代-1-丙基-三甲氧基硅烷(PXT)的白炭黑填充天然橡胶(NR)混炼胶的填料网络结构,考察了3种偶联剂对白炭黑填充NR混炼胶的门尼黏度及流变形为的影响.结果表明,3种偶联剂均使白炭黑填料网络化程度大幅度减轻,弹性模量和损耗模量变小,Payne效应大大减弱,增大了胶料的流动性,改善了加工性能;PXT与TESPT比TESPD更能有效地减轻填料的网络化程度.     

苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物对聚氯乙烯加工性能及抗紫外老化行为的影响

通过苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)共混改性聚氯乙烯(PVC),制备了PVC/SAN共混材料。利用转矩流变、色差分析、表面形貌分析、元素分析等方法研究了PVC/SAN共混材料的加工性能和抗紫外老化性能。结果表明,SAN的加入可促进PVC的塑化,改善其加工性能;同时SAN具有较强的紫外光吸收能力,能抑制PVC脱氯化氢,显著降低紫外老化时PVC颜色变暗、变红和变黄的速率;此外SAN的引入使PVC/SAN共混材料表面平整、致密,可以有效阻止紫外光和氧气深入到材料内部造成严重的破坏,从而显著提高PVC的抗紫外老化性能。     

Chemistry and Adhesive Properties of Phenylethynyl-Terminated Phenylquinoxaline Oligomers

As part of a program to develop high performance/high temperature structural resins for potential aeronautical applications, phenylethynyl-terminated phenylquinoxaline oligomers were prepared, characterized, thermally cured and the cured resins were evaluated as adhesives. The phenylquinoxaline oligomers were prepared by conventional and aromatic nucleophilic displacement routes and chain terminated with mono or di(phenylethynyl) groups. The oligomers were melt pressed into thin films, compression molded into tensile and compact tension specimens, and fabricated into titanium-to-titanium single lap shear adhesive specimens. The oligomers were generally compression molded for 1 hr at 350°C under pressures ranging from 0.10 to 1.4 MPa. The phenylquinoxaline oligomer prepared via aromatic nucleophilic displacement exhibited better processability and higher tensile shear strengths than those of the oligomers prepared via the conventional synthetic route. The synthesis, physical and mechanical properties of these oligomers and their cured polymers are presented.     

Rheological behavior of polypropylene/layered silicate nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding in shear and elongational flows

Melt rheology and processability of exfoliated polypropylene (PP)/layered silicate nanocomposites were investigated. The nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding process in the presence or absence of a PP‐based maleic anhydride compatibilizer. PP/layered silicate nanocomposites showed typical rheological properties of exfoliated nanocomposites such as nonterminal solid‐like plateau behavior at low frequency region in oscillatory shear flow, higher steady shear viscosity at low shear rate region, and outstanding strain hardening behavior in uniaxial elongational flow. The melt processability of exfoliated PP/layered silicate nanocomposites was significantly improved due to good dispersion of layered silicates and increased molecular interaction between the PP matrix and the layered silicate organoclay. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy results revealed that the layered silicate organoclay was exfoliated and good interaction between PP matrix and organoclay was achieved by using the PP‐g‐MAH compatibilizer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3506–3515, 2007     

Shear rheological properties of acrylic copolymers and terpolymers suitable for potentially melt processable carbon fiber precursors

In an effort to generate melt processable polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor fibers suitable for conversion to carbon fibers, an acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate (AN/MA) copolymer and two acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate/acryloyl benzophenone (AN/MA/ABP) terpolymers were synthesized at molar ratios of 85/15 and 85/14/1, respectively. The termonomer (ABP) was incorporated to accelerate crosslinking via UV irradiation, which serves to prevent relaxation of orientation and flow as the temperature of the fiber is raised during thermooxidative stabilization. Two molecular weights of the terpolymer and one molecular weight of the copolymer were studied to determine the effect of the termonomer, and the effect of molecular weight (MW), on the steady shear viscosity (η) and magnitude of the complex viscosity (η*). A higher rate of increase of η as a function of time was observed for the high MW terpolymer relative to that of the copolymer over the temperature range used. Using a temperature sweep and monitoring levels of η*, a minimum was observed at lower temperatures for both terpolymers. These results suggest that copolymerization with ABP significantly increased the thermally induced kinetics of crosslinking. Comparison of the η and η* data for the low and high MW terpolymers suggested that molecular weight also significantly reduced the melt stability (increased the kinetics of crosslinking). A chemorhelogical correlation was then used to quantify the effects of the termonomer and of molecular weight on the kinetics of crosslinking of the AN terpolymers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2856–2865, 2004     

钛酸钾对PVC性能的影响

研究了PVC(聚氯乙烯)/PTW(钛酸钾晶须),PVC/CPE(氯化聚乙烯)、PVC/PTW/CPE复合体系的力学性能,讨论了CPE和PTW的加入对硬质PVC加工性能的影响。结果表明:加入PTW将导致体系的力学性能降低;在一定的比例范围内同时加入PTW与CPE,二者具有协同增韧的作用;PTW的加入增大了体系加工时的粘度,缩短了塑化时间.     

液体天然橡胶作为NR反应型增塑剂的研究

研究了液体天然橡胶（ＬＮＲ）对ＮＲ及其炭黑混炼胶加工性能的影响。结果表明,ＬＮＲ可有效地降低ＮＲ胶料的门尼粘度和混炼功耗,延长ＮＲ胶料的焦烧时间;可使炭黑在橡胶中分布均匀,其挤出物表面光洁度和尺寸稳定性较好。认为与ＮＲ同系的低相对分子质量的ＬＮＲ是ＮＲ优良的反应型增塑剂。     

挤出硅橡胶气孔的分析研究与解决方法

通过目视观察硅橡胶切面气孔情况,探讨了脱低时间、填料用量、羟基硅油用量、放置时间、生胶硫化速率、含氢硅油用量对硅橡胶气孔的影响.结果表明,未脱低的硅橡胶硫化后存在较多气孔.当胶料脱低时间超过30 min后硅橡胶中几乎不存在气孔;较佳的填料用量为480份;较佳的羟基硅油用量为28份;当放置时间不超过24 h时硅橡胶中无明...     

Solid state features and mechanical properties of PEI/PBT blends

Extrusion‐blended and injection‐molded PEI/PBT blends were found to be miscible whatever the composition. The processability of the blends clearly improved with the presence of PBT. The melt pressure at the exit was seen to be a parameter as representative of the processability of the blends as the torque of blending. In the blends with 80 and 90% PBT, a positive volume of mixing and the maintenance of the crystallinity of PBT were seen. However, in the rest of the blends, negative volumes of mixing and important decreases in the crystallinity of PBT were found. These solid state features gave rise to a ductility similar to that of the pure PEI and to a synergism of the modulus of elasticity and of the yield stress in the 90/10 and 80/20 blends such that the values were higher than those of either of the pure components. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 885–892, 2001     

Processability characteristics and physico‐mechanical properties of natural rubber modified with rubber seed oil and epoxidized rubber seed oil

The processability characteristics and physico‐mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) modified with raw rubber seed oil and epoxidized rubber seed oil have been studied. The modified mixes showed higher scorch time and lower cure rate, crosslink density, and ultimate state of cure compared to an unmodified mix. The thermal stability of the vulcanizates was practically unaffected by the modification. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1413–1418, 2000