HPO己内酰胺工艺的现状与前景分析

分析了世界己内酰胺生产和消费现状，指出了HPO工艺在己内酰胺工业中的重要地位，并与己内酰胺生产新工艺进行了比较，提出了今后发展方向，对前景进行了展望。     

Adaptive equality prediction of batch processes based on PLS model

There are usually no on-line product quality measurements in batch and semi-batch processes, which make the process control task very difficult. In this paper, a model for predicting the end-product quality from the available on-line process variables at the early stage of a batch is developed using partial least squares (PLS) method. Furthermore, some available mid-course quality measurements are used to rectify the final prediction results. To deal with the problem that the process may change with time, recursive PLS (RPLS) algorithm is used to update the model based on the new batch data and the old model parameters after each batch. An application to a simulated batch MMA polymerization process demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. __________ Translated from Jorunal of Tsinghua Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2004, 44(10): 1360–1363 (in Chinese)     

Least possible time paths in stochastic, time-varying networks

In this paper, two computationally efficient algorithms are presented for determining the least possible time paths for all origins to a single destination in networks where the arc weights are discrete random variables whose probability distribution functions vary with time. The first algorithm determines the least possible time path from each node for each departure time interval, the least possible travel time and a lower bound on the associated probability of the occurrence of this travel time. The second algorithm determines up to k least possible time paths, the associated travel times and the corresponding probabilities of occurrence of the travel times (or a lower bound on this probability). No such efficient algorithms for determining least time paths in stochastic, time-varying networks exist in the literature.     

Migration Processes II: The Discrete Case

Following the study of migration processes in the continuous domain in Part I of this paper, we reformulate the concept of migration in the discrete domain (Z^m) and define Discrete Migration Processes (DMP). We demonstrate that this model is a natural discrete representation of the continuous model and maintains the model's features in a qualitative sense. We show that under discrete migration any discrete set shrinks to a limit in finitely many iterations. The discrete representation provides an advantageous basis for digitally implementing the MP model. Using this implementation we illustrate the discrete migration of various types of sets under various types of constraints.     

几种不稳定滞后对象的预测PID 控制

针对几种不稳定滞后过程，给出一种预测PID控制器的结构形式．该控制器具有内环和外环两种控制器：内环控制器主要用于稳定系统；外环控制器具有预测PID控制的结构形式，主要用于消除输入干扰的影响和改善控制系统的动态性能．这种控制器结构简单，可调参数少，且参数的调节方便、直观．仿真结果表明，在干扰和模型失配的情况下，此类预测PID控制器仍具有良好的控制性能和鲁棒稳定性能．     

膜法提取甘露醇过程中膜的微生物污染及其控制

报告了海藻工业膜集成技术提取甘露醇工业化生产过程中膜的微生物污染及其控制的研究结果和长期运行的措施、经验．研究和运行结果表明，膜法提取甘露醇过程，极易发生微生物污染，且发展迅猛，危害严重．影响微生物污染的因素比较复杂，其主要因素是料液水温、含盐浓度、系统设计和运行状况；与常规膜法水处理过程不同，控制发生微生物污染，除了监控进料液SDI指标外，还要求控制进料液内菌群总数小于或等于2000cfv／mL；需重视清洗和杀菌消毒系统设计，确保清洗、杀菌剂能充满一切管阀、部件空间并清洗到每一个部分；选用尽量简短的工艺流程和抗污染膜组件；采用经济、有效、安全的杀菌剂并按规范程序进行消毒，只要严格按上述措施操作就可控制其微生物污染，保障系统稳妥运行．     

开清棉流程组合的新技术与新设备

针对开清棉技术的传统观念已不适应生产发展需要的状况 ,选择新型国产FA系列的开清棉设备 ,结合引进的德国设备 ,与国产第二代FA系列设备相比较 ,对其新技术的特色和贯彻新的开清棉工艺路线的优越性进行了阐述 ,并对国产设备和引进设备的开清棉流程组合作了特点介绍 ;结论认为 :开清棉流程的新技术、新设备运用于生产中 ,既有利于提高成纱质量 ,又能为企业创造更好的经济效益     

基于马尔可夫决策过程的电动汽车充电行为分析

针对电动汽车充电行为不确定性问题,建立了基于出行链理论的电动汽车出行及电池电量变化模型,提出了引入马尔可夫决策过程（Markov decision processes, MDP）的电动汽车用户充电行为分析方法。该方法将用户充电行为作为马尔可夫决策集,根据车辆在各区域间的转移概率构造状态转移矩阵,设置用户满意度指标作为决策过程报酬函数,通过求解有限阶段总报酬准则得到电动汽车用户在每个决策点处的最优充电决策。算例部分根据抽取电动汽车特征量数据进行马尔可夫决策过程仿真,得出充电负荷的时间与空间分布情况,通过与传统蒙特卡洛方法进行对比表明该文所提方法可以较好地模拟用户整个出行过程中的充电行为,反映充电需求的时空分布特点;同时,分析了不同区域、不同停车时长情况下电动汽车的不同充电行为,能够为电动汽车充电桩的规划建设提供参考。     

西南地区低温过程特征及与MJO指数的关系

本文选取1979年~2008年西南地区76个台站的逐日最低气温和MJO指数资料,采用累积频率法和线性倾向估计,研究了单站和区域持续性低温过程的变化特征及其与MJO指数的关系。     

Automation, work organization and skills: The case of numerical control

This paper deals with small and medium sized firms. Since the late seventies small and medium sized mechanical engineering firms in France have resorted increasingly to new technologies, and in particular to numerical control. Numerical control has introduced major changes in work organization. On the one hand it tends to reinforce the role of methods of production engineering whatever the type of numerical control may be. Programming is seldom left to the machine operators, except in the case of straightforward machining operations or in machining shops with a strong tradition of highly skilled or artisan labour. Numerical control, on the other hand, does provide more opportunity for collaboration between the workshop and the production engineers. On a workshop level it introduces a more mobile division of labour between programmers, machine setters and operators, which covers everything from the start-up of programs to the supervision of maching operations. The operator may therefore acquire new skills, but this is only possible if there are open-ended training systems available to facilitate the transmission of know-how from the programmers to the machine setters and from the machine setters to the operators, and vice versa. Small and medium sized firms would appear to have a special role to play in developing skills.