Optimizing Long-term Hydro-power Production Using Markov Decision Processes

Modelling the long-term operation of hydroelectric systems is one of the classic applications of Markov decision process (MDP). The computation of optimal policies, for MDP models, is usually done by dynamic programming (DP) on a discretized state space. A major difficulty arises when optimizing multi-reservoir systems, because the computational complexity of DP increases exponentially with the number of sites. This so-called 'curse of dimensionality' has so far restricted the applicability of DP to very small systems (2 or 3 sites). Practitioners have thus had to resort to other methodologies for the long-term planning, often at the expense of rigour, and without reliable error estimates. This paper surveys recent research of MDP computation, with application to hydro-power systems. Three main approaches are discussed: (i) discrete DP, (ii) numerical approximation of the expected future reward function, and (iii) analytic solution of the DP recursion.     

Al2O3弥散强化铜基复合材料的研究现状与进展

综述了Al2O3弥散强化铜基复合材料的各种制备工艺及研究进展,对内氧化法制备Al2O3弥散强化铜基复合材料进行了详细的阐述。着重分析了Al2O3弥散强化铜基复合材料发展过程中遇到的问题,并对其今后的研制方向作了进一步的展望。     

具有大延迟特性的热工过程的改进PI控制器

本文提出了一种对具有大延迟特性的热工过程的改进ＰＩ控制,这种控制器实际是Ｓｍｉｔｈ预估控制的一个特例。但在设计这种控制器之前,可以不对过程的数学模型有个精确了解,控制参数也可以象ＰＩ控制器的参数一样通过现场运行进行调整,具有广泛应用于过程控制的潜力。     

Multimodal Optically Nonlinear Nanoparticles Exhibiting Simultaneous Higher Harmonics Generation and Upconversion Luminescence for Anticounterfeiting and 8-bit Optical Coding

Nonlinear optical materials are essential in areas such as nanophotonics, optical information processing, and biomedical imaging. However, nanomaterials employed for these diverse applications to date are efficient only for one type of nonlinear optical activity. Herein, the first multimodal nonlinear optically active class of nanomaterials based on lanthanide-doped lithium niobate nanoparticles, which simultaneously exhibit unprecedentedly efficient second and third harmonic generation, as well as up-conversion photoluminescence, is reported. These dielectric nanoparticles retain their high nonlinear optical conversion efficiency both as powder and as aqueous colloidal solution. The high stability also allows for the fabrication of optically active biocompatible micron-sized fibers and polymer-based 3D-printable objects, as well as for fingerprint detection. Finally, the first 8-bit coding platform purely based on multimodal nonlinear optical activity originating from different parametric and nonparametric processes is demonstrated, showcasing the technological potential of these materials for both anti-counterfeiting and advanced optical information processing.     

基于选矿过程的SABC流程专家系统研究

结合现场考察报告和专家系统知识, 设计了SABC流程专家系统。现场应用实际表明, 该系统对提高台时处理量、降低钢耗能耗有明显作用, 同时系统可对SABC流程中每个阶段的顽石量、功率、磨矿浓度、轴压和重板开启情况等进行监测, 防止异常情况发生, 对减少现场停车、涨肚、拉稀等现象具有显著效果。     

Energy consumption hierarchical analysis based on interpretative structural model for ethylene production

Interpretative structuralmodel (ISM) can transformamultivariate probleminto several sub-variable problems to analyze a complex industrial structure in a more efficient way by building a multi-level hierarchical structure model. To build an ISM of a production system, the partial correlation coefficient method is proposed to obtain the adjacency matrix,which can be transformed to ISM. According to estimation of correlation coefficient, the result can give actual variable correlations and eliminate effects of intermediate variables. Furthermore, this paper proposes an effective approach using ISMto analyze themain factors and basic mechanisms that affect the energy consumption in an ethylene production system. The case study shows that the proposed energy consumption analysis method is valid and efficient in improvement of energy efficiency in ethylene production.     

流体在固体表面超铺展特性的研究进展

对流体在固体表面超铺展特性的研究进展进行了综述,总结了具有超铺展特性的动态湿润体系、超铺展特性的影响因素、内在机理以及实验关联式建立和数值模拟方法。部分丙硅氧烷类和烷基乙氧基化物类以及少数离子型表面活性剂溶液具有超铺展特性,浓度和固体表面能是超铺展的重要影响因素。气液界面的浓度Marangoni效应被认为是超铺展过程的控制因素,表面活性剂在气液、固液和三相接触线前缘固气界面的输运和吸附对浓度Marangoni效应有重要影响。分析认为,实验方面未来应拓展实验体系,建立超铺展产生的判据;深入研究宏观影响因素以及微观输运和吸附机理,同时考虑外加物理场影响,为超铺展的实际应用奠定基础。理论方面需综合考虑表面活性剂向界面的输运、吸附对界面性质的作用规律以及浓度Marangoni效应的影响,借鉴相对成熟的牛顿流体动态湿润理论,建立描述超铺展特性的全过程理论模型。数值模拟方面应以分子动力学模拟为基础建立表面活性剂输运和界面吸附的微观物理模型,将其引入流体动力学模型,实现对超铺展过程精确定量化的描述。本文还给出了可能的超铺展体系铺展全过程的物理图景。     

基于偏最小二乘法的纸张抗张强度预测模型

为了解决抗张强度机理模型中参数难以测量、偏离工厂生产变量、实际指导关联性差的问题。以一瓦楞原纸生产线为研究对象,先通过经验分析筛选影响纸张抗张强度的生产过程变量,在收集对应变量的生产数据后,应用偏最小二乘法建立抗张强度预测模型并对重要影响变量进行分析。结果表明该模型具有较好精度,其皮尔逊相关系数r=0.732,均方根误差RMSE值为276 N·m^-1,平均相对误差MRE值为5.17%。同时得到了影响纸张抗张强度的6个重要生产过程变量,通过机理分析和现场验证,发现结果具有较好的现实吻合度。     

球形离子筛吸附剂的制备及其锂吸附性能评价

利用琼脂糖溶液的溶胶凝胶性质,通过锐孔凝固浴法,对实验室合成的Li₄Mn₅O₁₂粉体进行成型,制备了粒径2～3 mm的球形颗粒,对球形颗粒进行交联后,用1 mol·L^-1的盐酸对球形颗粒进行酸洗脱锂,最终制得球形锂离子筛吸附剂。考察球形吸附剂制备和交联的影响因素,结果表明：5%的琼脂糖浓度和90 ℃的温度为最佳制备条件,2 ml·g^-1的交联剂用量和6 h的交联时间为最佳交联条件。对球形离子筛吸附剂进行静态评价实验,结果表明锂吸附容量为4.25 mmol·g^-1,吸附速率为1.77×10^-5 s^-1,成型后离子筛吸附量是离子筛粉末的75.6%,吸附速率较粉体（3.29×10^-4 s^-1）下降一个数量级。Li⁺平衡吸附容量随平衡pH值的升高而增加,在pH>12时吸附容量高达5.5 mmol·g^-1。共存离子选择性实验表明,交联球形离子筛吸附剂对Li⁺具有高选择性,成型后离子筛可以用于盐湖卤水或者海水提锂。