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31.
Results of metal testing in impact tension–compression and indentation are analyzed. As the analysis of these data demonstrates, the strength of metals increases greatly with strain rates and at moderate indentation rates. At high indentation rates, a decrease in the specific energy (per unit volume of a displaced material) necessary for the formation of a conical cavity was observed. The account of the effects of viscosity, temperature increase upon plastic deformation and its localization can be used to explain the above phenomena. 相似文献
32.
In various medium‐to‐large‐scale fire test equipments like the ISO room corner test (RC), and more recently, the single burning item test (SBI) the mass flow rate measurement of the combustion gases plays a key role in the determination of the heat‐release rate and smoke‐production rate. With the knowledge of the velocity profile and the temperature of the flow, the mass flow rate is obtained by measuring the velocity on the axis of the duct. This is done by means of a bi‐directional probe based on the pitot principle. However, due to the variation of the mean temperature and the temperature gradient in any cross section of the duct, introduced by ever changing combustion gas temperatures, the velocity nor the density profile are constant in time. This paper examines the resulting uncertainty on the mass flow rate. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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34.
Madden Gregory J.; Begotka Andrea M.; Raiff Bethany R.; Kastern Lana L. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,11(2):139
The degree to which real and hypothetical rewards were discounted across delays ranging from 6 hr to 1 year was explored in a within-subjects design. An adjusting-amounts procedure was used to estimate the subjective value of real and hypothetical rewards at each delay. A hyperbolic discounting function provided a significantly better fit to individual participants' preferences than did an exponential function. No significant effect of reward type on degree of hyperbolic discounting or area under the discounting curves was detected. These findings offer some support for the validity of using hypothetical rewards to estimate discounting rates in substance-abusing and other populations, but caution is suggested because this support is gleaned from a failure to detect an effect of reward type. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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36.
A semi-empirical mathematical model for the acid-oxygen pressure leaching of Ni–Cu matte is presented, based on data from batch leaching experiments. The primary controlling factor in the leaching process is found to be galvanic inhibition of the more highly oxidized copper and nickel sulfide species by less oxidized species, particularly Ni alloy and Ni3S2. The leaching rate of many species is greatly reduced by the presence of one or both of these phases, and others will not commence leaching until neither is present. The mathematical model is based on first-order chemical reaction controlled rate expressions, as the reactions occurring are electrochemical in nature. Mass transfer effects are included only empirically. Some possibly diffusion-related phenomena are noted, although the model is not extended to incorporate these effects on a fundamental level. The model is verified and extended by the inclusion of several different factors that were tested experimentally. The effects of variations in O2 flow rate and partial pressure, initial particle size, reaction pulp density and initial acid concentration were all studied, and included in the model. Variations in O2 flow rate and partial pressure are found to affect the reaction rates via the dissolved oxygen concentration in the solution phase. 相似文献
37.
Sipra Mahapatra Turaga P. Prasad 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1992,53(2):201-203
Hydrolysis of Fe(OH)SO4 was carried out in the presence of metallic iron in order to prevent the formation of iron(III) oxides with strongly bonded sulphate. Under the conditions of the experiment, the products were found to be mixtures of ?-Fe2O3 and α-FeOOH. The occluded sulphate, if any, could be easily washed out with water. The hydrolysis reaction passes through an equilibrium state before coming to completion. The entropy with enthalpy of the hydrolysis corresponding to the equilibrium state were found to be 4 e.u. and 0·5 kJ/mol, respectively. The activation energy of the hydrolysis reaction was found to be 21 kJ/mol. 相似文献
38.
We present some new lower bounds on the optimal information rate and on the optimal average information rate of secret sharing schemes with homogeneous access structure. These bounds are found by using some covering constructions and a new parameter, the k-degree of a participant, that is introduced in this paper. Our bounds improve the previous ones in almost all cases. 相似文献
39.
Sixiong Han Yasuaki Ichikawa 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》1995,38(24):4081-4100
In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed for the problem of the scattering of plane waves in a three-dimensional cracked materials. Instead of obtaining closed-form solutions as in conventional theoretical analysis methods, this approach, called the Equivalent Nodal Force (ENF) method formulates the mechanical effects of cracks as an equivalent nodal force in a numerical procedure, and physically translates cracked material into an equivalent continuous one. Several mechanical relations between waves and cracks are evident from this method. Also the results of several numerical calculations are presented and these are compared with those obtained by the conventional methods. 相似文献
40.
本文采用 2只扩散杯 ,一只选择渗透率较大的滤膜 ,使2 2 2 Rn和2 2 0 Rn能很容易的进入。另一只选择渗透率较小的滤膜 ,该滤膜只允许2 2 2 Rn进入 ,半衰期较短的2 2 0 Rn被阻挡在外面。通过不同滤膜扩散率的差异 ,改变探测器的空气交换率 ,从而达到同时测量2 2 2 Rn和2 2 0 Rn的目的 相似文献