盐酸右美托咪定用于清醒气管插管患者围拔管期的临床研究

目的探讨盐酸右美托咪定用于清醒气管插管患者围拔管期的临床效果。方法将60例准备拔除气管插管的清醒患者按随机数字表法分成观察组和对照组,每组30例。2组患者在拔除气管插管前,行2min及30min自主呼吸试验均为阴性,观察组微量泵静脉注射盐酸右美托咪定1μg·kg-1,注射时间为10min;对照组静脉注射生理盐水10mL,注射时间为10min。2组均在用药后10min拔除气管插管,拔管后面罩给氧10min,再转为鼻导管给氧,氧流量为4-6L·min-1。观察2组患者拔管前（T0）、拔管即刻（T1）、拔管后10min（T2）、拔管后30min（T3）及拔管后1h（T4）各时间点心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、呼吸频率（RR）、血氧饱和度（SpO2）及氧合指数（PaO2/FiO2）等指标的变化,并统计24h内拔管成功率。结果 2组患者T1、T2、T3及T4的MAP、HR、RR及SpO2均高于T0（均P〈0.05）。观察组T1、T2、T3的MAP、HR、RR均低于对照组,SpO2及T3、T4的PaO2/FiO2均高于对照组（均P〈0.05）。对照组24h内拔管成功率为86.7%,观察组24h内拔管成功率为100.0%。2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论清醒气管插管患者围拔管期使用右美托咪定,能有效地抑制拔管反应,保持拔管前后呼吸和动力学的稳定。     

新型水溶性壳聚糖盐酸盐微球的制备与表征

以水溶性壳聚糖盐酸盐为原料,戊二醛为交联剂,采用乳化交联法制备了壳聚糖盐酸盐微球。通过多种理化手段检测及体外MG63细胞共培养对壳聚糖盐酸盐微球的形貌结构、尺寸大小、粒径分布、成球机理、结晶度、热稳定性及细胞相容性进行了测试及表征,并与普通酸溶性壳聚糖制备的微球进行比较。结果表明水溶性壳聚糖盐酸盐与戊二醛通过Schiff碱反应产生交联,易成球,球形圆整光滑;粒径分布较窄,粒径约为5～10μm;微球结晶度较低,其热稳定性较壳聚糖盐酸盐原料和酸溶性壳聚糖微球均有提高;细胞相容性良好。该微球表现出与酸溶性壳聚糖微球相似的理化性质,但因其原料为水溶性,微球制备条件更为温和,在药物载体研究领域有望得到更广泛的应用。     

Improved determination of D-glucosamine hydrochloride in health foods by HPLC using 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-l,3-diazole as a derivative

Abstract: This article presents an improved method to detect d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride in health foods. A simple precolumn derivatization procedure with 7‐flouro‐4‐nitrobenzo‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazole (NBD‐F) reagent was employed. The separation of the derivatized d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride (NBD‐d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride) was performed using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.01 mol/L), and trifluoroacetic acid (350:649.74:0.26, volume ratio) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with the column temperature 35 °C. Under the optimum chromatographic conditions, the peak area of NBD‐d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride compared with its absolute value of the peak area of NBD‐d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride in a standard solution concentration range from 1.0 to 500.0 mg/L showed a good linear calibration (R = 0.9999). Recoveries, at spiked concentrations of 10.0, 40.0, and 500.0 mg/L, varied between 97.2% and 102.6% with relative standard deviations ranging from 0.4% to 1.5%. The present method provides sufficient sensitivity as reflected by the values of limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). LOD was determined from the signal‐to‐noise ratios (S/N) of NBD‐d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride peak of at least 3 in the recovery test at 0.02 mg/L, and the estimated LOQ was 0.06 mg/L (S/N = 10). The proposed method was successfully applicable to detect d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride in health foods and drugs containing a variety of complex materials.     

Internal reflection ellipsometry for real-time monitoring of polyelectrolyte multilayer growth onto tantalum pentoxide

Internal reflection ellipsometry was used for detection of the consecutive coating of two polyelectrolytes, poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), onto a tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂O₅) substrate until the 10th bilayer. The UV patterned PAH-PAA-multilayer was characterized in air via ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy. Suited optical models enabled the determination of the layer thicknesses in wet and dry states. Linear multilayer formation could be proved by Attenuated Total Reflection — Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy measurements following the increase of the ν(C=O) band depending on the adsorption of the PAA. Streaming potential measurements after each layer deposition step indicated a change in surface charge after each layer deposition due to the consecutive coating of PAH and PAA. In this article the internal reflection ellipsometry is shown to be a convenient possibility to analyze the modification of a thin transparent Ta₂O₅ substrate.     

盐酸胍在阻挡层化学机械抛光中对速率选择性及表面形貌的影响

We propose an alkaline barrier slurry containing guanidine hydrochloride（GH） and hydrogen peroxide.The slurry does not contain any corrosion inhibitors, such as benzotriazole（BTA）. 3-inch samples of tantalum copper and oxide were polished to observe the removal rate. The effect of GH on removal rate selectivity along withhydrogenperoxidewasinvestigatedbycomparingslurrycontainingGHandH2O2withslurrycontainingonly GH. Details about the tantalum polishing mechanism in an alkaline guanidine-based slurry and the electrochemical reactions are discussed. The results show that guanidine hydrochloride can increase the tantalum polishing rate and the selectivity of copper and barrier materials. The variation of the dishing and wire line resistance with the polishing time was measured. The dishing value after a 300 mm pattern wafer polishing suggests that the slurry has an effective performance in topography modification. The result obtained from the copper wire line resistance test reveals that the wire line in the trench has a low copper loss.     

盐酸乙脒合成的工艺改进

介绍了盐酸乙脒合成的工艺改进，与传统工艺比较，该工艺能耗低，收率高，经济效益高，是最理想的生产工艺。     

Complexation of poly-2,5-dimethyl-4-vinylethynilpyperidol-4 hydrochloride with transition metal ions in solution

The interaction of transition metal ions with poly-2,5-dimethyl-4-vinylethynilpyperidol-4 hydrochloride in solution have been investigated potentiometrically, spectroscopically and viscometrically. influence of ionic strength, composition of solvent and various metal ions nature on the viscosity of polyelectrolyte-metal complexes are discussed.     

Characterization of Transdermal Delivery of Nefopam Hydrochloride under Iontophoresis

In vitro iontophoretic delivery of nefopam hydrochloride was conducted to study the effects initial drug concentration, pH, ionic strength and viscosity of the donor solutions on the transdermal flux through a hairless mouse skin. Stability of nefopam hydrochloride under the experimental conditions was investigated. Type of electrode, current intensity, electric voltage and electrode distance were evaluated. Appropriate conditions were selected to minimize the potential degradation problems of nefopam hydrochloride during iontophoresis. Results show that the silver/silver chloride electrode provides better drug stability than the platinum electrode. Higher current intensity resulted in faster transdermal flux and therefore better drug permeability. The increase in the drug permeability appears to be proportionally increased as the current intensity increases in the range of 0.253 to 1.265 mA/cm². The iontophoretic transdermal delivery of nefopam hydrochloride was observed to increase as the drug concentration in the donor site was increased until it's close to the equilibrium concentration. The optimum pH to achieve the best iontophoresis under constant current was determined to be at pH 3.0. This may be due to the highest available charge density of nefopam was achieved at this pH to provide the best conductance. A decrease in the iontophoretic transdermal flux was encountered as an increase in the solution ionic strength due to the increased competition of similar charged ions with the available current. The increase in the donor solution viscosity decreased the conductivity of the ions and hindered the trandermal flux of the drug under iontophoresis.     

Crinumin,a chymotrypsin-like but glycosylated serine protease from Crinum asiaticum: Purification and physicochemical characterisation

Plant latex could be a potential source of novel proteases usable in the food and feed industries because of broad substrate specificity with high stability in extreme conditions. Crinumin, a glycosylated serine protease with chymotrypsin-like activity was purified from the latex of Crinumasiaticum using cation-exchange column chromatography. Crinumin shows activity over a wide range of pH (4.5–11.5 and optimum at 8.5), temperature (75 °C and optimum at 70 °C) and is also functional against chaotrophs, organic solvents, and detergents, even after prolonged exposure. The molecular mass (67.7 kDa), extinction coefficient (17.7), isoelectric point (6.9), and numbers of tryptophan (13), tyrosine (24) and cysteine (15 with 7 disulphide bridges) residues were estimated. K_m of the enzyme was 31.7 μM with casein and 5 × 10⁴ μM with N-succinyl-l-phenylalanine-p-nitroanilide. Easy availability of the aqueous latex, simple purification procedure, high yield (33%), stability and activity in adverse conditions makes it applicable for the pharmaceutical and food industries.     

盐酸帕洛诺司琼的合成

目的合成盐酸帕洛诺司琼。方法以1,2,3,4-四氢-1-萘甲酸为起始原料,经拆分、胺化、还原、关环、成盐制得盐酸帕洛诺司琼。结果目标化合物经核磁共振氢谱、质谱、红外及元素分析等确证其化学结构,总收率9.4%。结论本工艺操作简便,成本较低,反应条件温和,产品质量易控制。