2-甲基-2-羟基丙腈与2,4,4-三甲基-1-戊烯加成反应制备特辛胺

以丙酮氰醇代替氢氰酸与二异丁烯加成,加成产物经甲醇醇解而制备特辛胺,尽管丙酮氰醇仍具有较大毒性(丙酮氰醇为无色液体,沸点95℃),但比较容易控制,对合成条件以及设备的要求相对宽松,同时又可副产甲基丙烯酸甲酯。     

间苯二甲酸丙二醇酯-5-磺酸钠的合成工艺

以间苯二甲酸二甲酯-5-磺酸钠(SIPM)、1,3-丙二醇(1,3-PDO)为原料,采用酯交换法合成了间苯二甲酸丙二醇酯-5-磺酸钠(SIPP),并研究了催化剂种类及浓度、原料配比和反应温度对酯交换反应的影响。结果表明:通过工艺优化,当选择以钛酸四丁酯作为催化剂,其摩尔分数为0.1%(相对原料中SIPM的摩尔分数),1,3-PDO与SIPM的摩尔分数比为10.14∶1,反应温度为173℃时,酯交换反应速率较快且产物色泽良好。     

水杨酸正丙酯的合成

以二甲基甲酰胺为催化剂合成水杨酰氯,然后酯化得到水杨酸正丙酯。并研究了酯化反应的最佳条件,结果表明,反应时间为4 h,温度为50℃,醇酸比为1.6∶1,催化剂为7.8 g,反应收率达到90%以上。     

Blend fibers of polyacrylonitrile and water‐soluble chitosan derivative prepared from sodium thiocyanate solution

A water‐soluble chitosan derivative of N‐(2‐hydroxy)propyl‐3‐trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC), synthesized by the reaction of chitosan and glycidyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were blended using 46% (w/w) NaSCN aqueous solution as a common solvent. The total polymer concentration of blend solution was fixed at 12% (w/w), and the relative composition of PAN/HTCC in the blend solution varied from 0/100 to 80/20 by weight. The PAN/HTCC blend fibers with the appropriate physical property were prepared by a wet spinning and drawing process. The effect of HTCC content on the structural change, miscibility, and ability to be dyed of the blend fibers was investigated. The optical and scanning electron microscopic observation gave no indication of phase separation up to 20% HTCC content. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical measurements of the blend fibers show single glass transition temperatures that increase with increasing blend ratio of HTCC. All the experimental results exhibit that the blends are miscible on the molecular scale. The blend fibers could be dyed with an acid dye. This enhanced ability of the blend fibers to be dyed with acid dyes could be useful for one‐step dyeing when mixed with other fibers, such as wool and nylon. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1620–1629, 2001     

AEPPS对超支化聚酰胺纳滤膜性能的影响

通过与均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)的界面聚合反应,将N-氨乙基哌嗪丙基磺酸盐(AEPPS)两性离子化合物引入超支化聚酰胺纳滤膜中以改善膜性能。着重考察AEPPS的质量分数对膜性能的影响。结果表明,与以往报道该物质与哌嗪或间苯二胺等小分子混合使用效果不同,当AEPPS与端氨基超支化聚酰胺混合作为水相反应物时,随着AEPPS质量分数的增加,膜的脱盐顺序发生变化,由Na₂SO₄>Mg SO₄>Mg Cl₂>Na Cl逐渐变为Mg SO₄>Mg Cl₂≈Na₂SO₄>Na Cl,最后是Mg SO₄>Na₂SO₄>Mg Cl₂>Na Cl。脱盐率先增大后降低,膜通量呈现相反趋势。AEPPS的引入增强了膜的亲水性及抗蛋白质吸附能力。当水溶液中AEPPS质量分数为0.6%时,制备的纳滤膜NF06在牛...     

Telechelic polymers by living and controlled/living polymerization methods

Telechelic polymers, defined as macromolecules that contain two reactive end groups, are used as cross-linkers, chain extenders, and important building blocks for various macromolecular structures, including block and graft copolymers, star, hyperbranched or dendritic polymers. This review article describes the general techniques for the preparation of telechelic polymers by living and controlled/living polymerization methods; namely atom transfer radical polymerization, nitroxide mediated radical polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, iniferters, iodine transfer polymerization, cobalt mediated radical polymerization, organotellurium-, organostibine-, organobismuthine-mediated living radical polymerization, living anionic polymerization, living cationic polymerization, and ring opening metathesis polymerization. The efficient click reactions for the synthesis of telechelic polymers are also presented.     

(3-苯甲酰胺基-3-甲氧羰基)丙基甲次膦酸-2-氯乙基酯的合成

研究了含有甲次膦酸酯的烯烃氢甲酰化反应及酰胺化、羰基化反应。在烯烃的氢甲酰化反应中 ,当溶剂为甲醇 ,催化剂为Co2 (CO) 8,可获得收率为 96 %的 3,3 二甲氧基丙基甲次膦酸 2 氯乙基酯 ,进一步反应可获得 (3 苯甲酰胺基 3 甲氧基羰基 )丙基甲次膦酸 2 氯乙基酯收率达 85 %。     

新型高效阻垢分散剂的合成及性能研究

以2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸钠为原料,水为溶剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,经自由基均聚合反应制得聚2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸水溶性磺酸型大分子,是-种磺酸盐型阻垢分散剂（代号SQ-933）,并对其阻垢、缓蚀与分散性能进行了研究。研究表明,该聚合物有较好的阻CaC03垢、CaS04垢能力及分散性能和缓蚀性能。     

手性相转移催化剂的合成和不对称诱导效应

以氯霉素为原料，经水解、苄基化、季铵化合成了光学纯(1S，2R)—(—)—1—对硝基苯基—1，3—二羟基—2—丙基苄基二甲基溴化铵。作为相转移催化剂，它对苯乙腈的α—甲基化、苯甲醛与氯仿的亲核加成均显示良好的催化作用和—定的不对称诱导效应。     

阳离子聚合物PEA的合成与性能

以环氧氯丙烷、β-羟基烷基丙基醚胺为原料,经开环反应、季铵化合成了阳离子聚合物PEA,考察反应物投料比、反应时间、反应温度对PEA的阳离子度和环氧值的影响,研究了PEA在砂粒表面的吸附性能和对粘土的防膨性能.结果表明,最佳聚合反应条件为反应温度60℃,反应时间6h,环氧氯丙烷与p-羟基烷基丙基醚胺的物质的量比为2.5:1.在此条件下所得的阳离子聚合物PEA的阳离子度为3.962 mmol/g,环氧值为0.12.PEA在砂粒表面的最佳吸附质量浓度为2 000 mg/L,最佳液固质量比为15∶1,最佳吸附时间为18 h.PEA防止粘土膨胀性能良好,防膨率达87％.