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51.
Jéssica V. Schaffer Karine N. Lupatini Bruna Machado Eliane S. Silva Ricardo J. Ferracin Helton J. Alves 《国际能源研究杂志》2018,42(3):1381-1385
The chitosan biopolymer can be used as a proton‐conducting membrane in proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell. In the forms that they have normally obtained and tested, chitosan membranes typically show poor performance in conduction of protons, requiring modifications in the structure of the biopolymer or blending with other polymers to increase its proton conductivity. The present work investigates the individual properties of chitosan and relates them to the proton conductivity performance of membranes composed of this polymer. Evaluation was made of the effects of variables such as the degree of deacetylation (DD) and the molar mass (Mv) of chitosan membranes without addition of any other polymer. The DD and Mv values of the chitosan used to produce membranes determined the proton conduction, with lower DD and higher Mv resulting in higher conductivity. The thicker membranes presented greater crystallinity, with conductivity between 2.0 × 10?4 and 1.8 × 10?3 S cm?1. The characteristic stages of degradation of the chitosan membranes were in the ranges 200 to 300°C and 500 to 600°C, indicating good thermal stability of the material. 相似文献
52.
This paper introduces a novel dynamic semiempirical model for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The proposed model not only considers the stack output voltage but also provides valid waveforms of component voltages, such as the no‐load, activation, ohmic, and concentration voltages of the PEMFC stack system. Experiments under no‐load, ramping load, and dynamic load conditions are performed to obtain various voltage components. According to experimental results, model parameters are optimised using the lightning search algorithm by providing valid theoretical ranges of parameters to the lightning search algorithm code. In addition, the correlation between the vapour and water pressures of the PEMFC is obtained to model the component voltages. Finally, all component voltages and the stack output voltage are validated by using the experimental/theoretical waveforms mentioned in previous research. The proposed model is also compared with a recently developed semiempirical model of PEMFC through particle swarm optimisation. The proposed dynamic model may be used in future in‐depth studies on PEMFC behaviour and in dynamic applications for health monitoring and fault diagnosis. 相似文献
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Letícia G. da Trindade Letícia Zanchet Katiúscia M.N. Borba Josiane C. Souza Edson R. Leite Emilse M.A. Martini 《国际能源研究杂志》2018,42(11):3535-3543
Nafion membranes were prepared by incorporating in the polymer matrix the 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (BMI+) ionic liquid cation at different doping levels. Increasing the doping time of the membranes with the ionic liquid results in increased incorporation of the BMI+ cation but a decrease in the bulk conductivity. The thermogravimetric analysis shows that the BMI+ cation incorporation increases the thermal stability of the membranes. The higher discharge efficiency of the fuel cell at 80°C was obtained by using Nafion membrane after 15 minutes of doping in the ionic liquid solution. 相似文献
54.
中国原子能科学研究院(CIAE)在20世纪90年代建造了一台30 MeV紧凑型强流质子回旋加速器后,经过近30年的发展,先后自主研发成功了基于剥离引出技术的能量为10 MeV、14 MeV、100 MeV、硼中子俘获治疗用14 MeV/1 mA等系列能量的紧凑型强流质子回旋加速器。建成的100 MeV紧凑型强流质子回旋加速器(CYCIAE-100),是目前国际上能量较高的一台紧凑型强流质子回旋加速器,最高流强达到520 μA,束流功率达到52 kW。建成的硼中子俘获治疗用的质子回旋加速器,也是我国首次自主研发成功的引出质子束流强达到mA量级的强流质子回旋加速器。在系列能量的紧凑型强流质子回旋加速器研发过程中,CIAE对剥离引出后的束流色散效应、剥离膜与束流夹角对引出后的束流品质的影响、单圈剥离引出技术等紧凑型强流质子回旋加速器剥离引出技术等方面展开了研究,且自主开发出了剥离引出计算程序,为紧凑型强流质子回旋加速器的应用作出了贡献。 相似文献
55.
碳化硅结势垒肖特基二极管(SiC JBS)是新一代航天器电推进系统的关键部件,但高能粒子辐射严重威胁其可靠性与稳定性。为揭示其辐射损伤机理,为其抗辐射加固设计与考核评估储备数据,本研究基于加速器开展了先进商用SiC JBS 10~20 MeV中能质子地面辐照实验,并提取器件辐照前后的正向伏安特性、反向伏安特性、电容电压等电学参数及缺陷特性。系统分析器件关键特性随辐照条件的改变规律。结果显示,质子辐照引起了器件肖特基势垒升高、载流子浓度降低,且10 MeV较低能质子导致的位移损伤退化更严重。分析认为,PN结界面缺陷导致高性能商用SiC JBS反向电学性能对中能质子的辐照更加敏感,正向特性相对稳定,辐照生碳缺陷造成载流子去除效应是引起SiC JBS性能退化的主要机制。 相似文献
56.
64Cu是目前应用十分广泛的放射性核素,主要用于PET诊断。本文基于C30加速器对64Cu核素的制备工艺进行研究。制靶靶片为金属铜材质,在靶片表面镀金膜,以保护铜基底。镀金完成后用HCl和H2O2浸泡镀金层以去除金属杂质,用脉冲电镀法电镀富集64Ni层。将靶片转移至C30加速器固体靶站进行辐照,束流能量为15.5 MeV。将辐照后的靶片转移至分离纯化热室。在溶靶槽中加入6 mol/L HCl和30%H2O2溶靶,使用AG1-X8阴离子交换树脂分离纯化,最终获得64Cu核素。分别测定64Cu的放射性核纯度、放射化学纯度、金属杂质含量等质量指标。待收集的64Ni溶液衰变完全后,使用AG1-X8树脂回收。检验结果显示,富集64Ni厚度约8.5~16.3 mg/cm2,64Cu产能大于37 GBq,产额可达180~250 MBq/(μA·h),放射性核纯度大于99.9%,放射化学纯度大于97.0%,金属杂质含量均小于0.5 μg/GBq。64Cu制备工艺稳定、质量可控,达到了规模化生产水平,为64Cu相关药物的研究与开发提供了稳定可靠的核素来源。 相似文献
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59.
Gamze Karanfil 《国际能源研究杂志》2020,44(1):4-25
Although proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are seen as one of the energy conversion technologies of the future due to their high energy conversion efficiency, low levels of emissions, low temperature operation, and compact systems, studies continue to reduce their cost, which is the biggest obstacle to commercialization. Design of experiment (DOE) methods are frequently used in optimization of PEM fuel cells to reduce their cost by decreasing experimental runs. This paper reviews the main gains subsuming the usage of several DOE and optimization methods in PEM fuel cell components, design, operation conditions, and model parameters. It firstly focuses on the Taguchi method and response surface methodology (RSM) known to be applied usually in PEM fuel cell studies. In addition to these known methods, other experimental design and optimization methods used in PEM fuel cells are discussed, and the results are summarized. 相似文献
60.