环氧衍生物开环法制备壳聚糖季铵盐

采用异丙醇为溶剂,以壳聚糖(CTS)、2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵(GTA)为原料,用环氧衍生物开环法制备了壳聚糖季铵盐(HACC),通过单因素实验,考察了反应物摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度等因素对产物取代度的影响,结果表明,制备壳聚糖季铵盐的最优工艺条件为:n(CTS):n(GTA)=1∶4,壳聚糖相对分子质量(简称分子量,下同)3.2×105,碱化时间14h,预处理壳聚糖含水率20％,反应pH =7,反应温度75℃,反应时间8h.通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、热重分析对壳聚糖、壳聚糖季铵盐的结构、外观形貌、热稳定性进行了表征与分析,结果表明,壳聚糖季铵化改性以N取代为主,改性后外貌和粒度有了明显变化,并且热稳定性降低.     

罗丹明衍生物合成新方法

以N ,N -二乙基间氨基苯酚 ,对羧基苯甲醛为原料 ,合成了两种新的罗丹明衍生物 ,这种合成方法获得的产物单一 ,避免了在罗丹明染料通常的合成工艺中产生 5 ,和 6 ,位异构体混合产物 ,减少了繁琐的分离纯化工序 ,降低了制备成本 ,该合成方法操作简便 ,产率优良 (总收率≥ 90 % )。     

3,4-二氢-2(1H)喹啉酮衍生物的合成研究

对3,4-二氢-2(1H)喹啉酮衍生物1,2,3(R= NO2,NH2,OH;R= H,NO2,NH2)的合成进行了研究。以苯胺和3-氯丙酰氯为原料,制得N-苯基-3-氯丙酰胺,然后经环合得到3,4-二氢-2(1H)喹啉酮,再经由硝化、还原、重氮化水解合成了一系列3,4-二氢-2(1H)喹啉酮衍生物:6-硝基-3,4-二氢-2(1H)喹啉酮(1a),6,8-二硝基-3,4-二氢-2(1H)喹啉酮(1b),6-氨基-3,4-二氢-2(1H)喹啉酮(2a),6,8-二氨基-3,4-二氢-2(1H)喹啉酮(2b),6-氨基-8-硝基-3,4-二氢-2(1H)喹啉酮(2c),6-羟基-3,4-二氢-2(1H)喹啉酮(3a)和6-羟基-8-硝基-3,4-二氢-2(1H)喹啉酮(3b),其中化合物(2c)及(3b)为新化合物。单步产率均在86%以上,路线简单,操作简便,反应条件温和。采用MS,1HNMR对产品进行了定性及结构表征。     

壳聚糖及其衍生物在生物工程中应用

壳聚糖是甲壳素脱乙酰化的产物,既能生物合成,又可被生物降解,且不污染环境.本文概述了壳聚糖及其衍生物的研究情况和最新进展,着重讨论了它们在生物工程领域中的应用.     

荧光Zn(Ⅱ)传感器的研究进展

锌是人体内必不可少的微量元素之一,对人体的生长、发育起着重要的作用。荧光法具有灵敏度高、选择性强、用样少、方法简便以及能提供较多的物理参数等优点,用途广泛。本文对近年来荧光法测锌的研究进展进行归纳总结,对Zn(Ⅱ)传感器所用到的荧光团及其各自的优缺点进行评述。     

氧化氰二聚环化：对称氧化呋咱衍生物制备的重要途径

分析了国内外构筑氧化呋咱环的几种常用方法.总结了氧化氰结构的制备方法及其优缺点,如羟肟酰氯与弱碱的作用、醛肟与氧化氮作用、肼钾盐与氧化剂作用等,以及由氧化氰二聚反应获得的具有不同对称结构的氧化呋咱衍生物.列举了部分对称氧化呋咱衍生物的性能,分析结果有望设计和合成性能良好的新氧化呋咱衍生物.     

4种电力衍生产品定价方法分析

随着电力市场的出现,电力衍生产品逐步成为电力交易的主要形式之一。由于电力不能大规模储存,作为现代金融工程理论核心的无套利定价原理对大多数电力衍生产品定价不再适用。文中采用Black-76公式和仿射跳跃-扩散电价模型研究了电力期货／远期、期货期权、单点期权以及摇摆期权等奇异期权的定价问题,提出了一种新的电力衍生产品风险中性概率框架,并根据德国EEX电力市场实际价格,利用解析及Monte Carlo方法给出了若干常见电力衍生产品的实际定价算例。计算表明,所提出的电力衍生产品定价方法具有完备的理论基础,能够解决各类常见电力衍生产品定价问题。     

取代基物化参数用于2-苯基吲哚衍生物构效关系的研究

用取代基电性、立体性和疏水性物化参数对2-苯基吲哚衍生物进行了结构表征,并对化合物与雌激素受体相对亲和力进行定量结构活性相关(QSAR)研究。经逐步回归筛选变量后,所建多元线性回归方程的复相关系数R2及留一法交互检验相关系数R2cv分别为0.900和0.662。用预测集样本进行了外部预测,所得外部预测样本集复相关系数Re2xt和外部预测集交互检验Q2ext分别为0.896 6和0.897 4。模型结果显示:吲哚环1号N原子上立体效应强的取代基有利于亲和力的提高;而吲哚环1号N原子和3号C原子上电性强的取代基、2-苯基环上4′号位置有羟基取代等,均对化合物亲和力的提高不利。     

Generalized Global Monotonicity of Generalized Derivatives

The gradient and the several kinds of its generalizations provide a very efficient tool in characterizing important properties of functions. Convexity and generalized convexity, which are central properties in many branches of Operational Research, can also be characterized by special properties (monotonicity and generalized monotonicity) of the gradient map in the smooth case (Karamardian and Schiable, 1990. JOTA , Vol. 66, pp. 37–46) and by that of the Dini derivatives in the nonsmooth case (Komlosi, 1991. Working paper, Janus Pannonius University; 1992a. Nonsmooth Optimization: Methods and Applications; Proceedings of the IVth International Workshop on Generalized Conuexity , in press; Luc, 1991. Subgradients of quasiconvex functions). It is shown in this paper how quasiconvexity, pseudoconvexity and (strict) pseudoconvexity of lower semicontinuous functions can be characterized via quasimonotonicity and (strict) pseudomcnotonicity of different types of generalized derivatives, including the Dini, Dini-Hadamard, Clarke and Rockafellar derivatives.     

The Influence of Betulin and Its Derivatives EB5 and ECH147 on the Antioxidant Status of Human Renal Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells

Betulin and its derivatives, 28-propyne derivative EB5 and 29-diethyl phosphonate analog ECH147, are promising compounds in anti-tumor activity studies. However, their effect on kidney cells has not yet been studied. The study aimed to determine whether betulin and its derivatives—EB5 and ECH147—influence the viability and oxidative status of human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs). The total antioxidant capacity of cells (TEAC), lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPX) were evaluated. Additionally, the mRNA level of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes was assessed. Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil were used as reference substances. Betulin and its derivatives affected the viability and antioxidant systems of RPTECs. Betulin strongly reduced TEAC in a concentration-dependent manner. All tested compounds caused an increase in MDA levels. The activity of SOD, CAT, and GPX, and the mRNA profiles of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes depended on the tested compound and its concentration. Betulin showed an cisplatin-like effect, indicating its nephrotoxic potential. Betulin derivatives EB5 and ECH147 showed different impacts on the antioxidant system, which gives hope that these compounds will not cause severe consequences for the kidneys in vivo.