无线异构网在油气生产物联网的应用

油气生产物联网（A11）系统是《中国石油＂十二五＂信息技术总体规划》的重要建设项目,分为三个子系统：生产数据采集与控制子系统、数据传输子系统、现场监控与管理子系统。本文主要介绍一种由无线网桥＋LTE230无线异构网络构建的数据传输子系统应用方案,该方案既利用了230MHz频段LTE系统的信号传播距离远、稳定性高、绕射能力强和广覆盖的特点,同时发挥了网桥点到点通信灵活、低成本和高传输速率的优势,可以完全满足福山油田油气生产物联网对生产数据、控制数据和视频图像实时传输的需求。     

有机朗肯循环在多品位余热发电中的应用

低温余热的充分利用能够有效提高能源的利用效率、降低生产企业的能耗。本文以含硫天然气净化厂生产过程产生的余热为研究对象，对余热资源品位、余热回收潜能进行了分析和评价。通过对不同的余热发电方案进行分析对比，提出了以有机朗肯循环（ORC）为基础的多品位余热发电方案（MG-ORC），并对该发电方案进行了热力学分析。借助正交实验手段和多目标优化方法，对不同循环工质条件下MG-ORC发电方案的性能进行了对比分析，结果表明：工质R-600较其余4种工质表现出更优的综合性能，MG-ORC发电系统热效率为17.7%，净输出功率约2600kW。MG-ORC发电方案能够有效合理利用含硫天然气净化厂产生的余热，实现了能源的按质用能和梯级利用。     

强旋湍流气-固两相流动和煤粉燃烧数学模型及其在涡旋燃烧炉的应用(Ⅰ)——模型

结合新型燃煤涡旋燃烧炉的研制和冷、热态实验,建立并发展了二维强旋湍流气固两相流动和煤粉燃烧的数学模型,以此作为对涡旋燃烧炉内多相流动。传热和燃烧过程进行数值模拟和分析的基础。     

基于MPSO-CWLS-SVM的瓦斯涌出量预测

针对瓦斯涌出量受多因素影响,传统的预测方法难以建立准确的数学模型,导致预测精度低这一问题。提出一种经改进的粒子群算法(MPSO)优化的基于柯西分布加权的最小二乘支持向量机(CWLS-SVM)算法来预测非线性动态瓦斯涌出量。柯西分布加权的最小二乘支持向量机根据预测误差的统计特性,确定加权规则参数,以达到赋予训练样本不同权值的目的。并用MPSO算法对CWLS-SVM模型的正则化参数λ和高斯核参数σ寻优。利用无线传感器网络采集到的各项历史数据进行实例分析。结果表明,该算法有效的提高了瓦斯涌出量的预测精度,降低了预测误差,为煤矿瓦斯防治提供理论支持。     

IGA-DFNN在瓦斯浓度预测中的应用

为了准确预测采煤工作面的瓦斯浓度,提出免疫遗传算法优化的动态模糊神经网络瓦斯浓度动态预测方法。用无线传感网络系统采集工作面瓦斯浓度数据作为样本,通过小波分析对样本数据进行降噪滤波预处理。采用IGA算法对DFNN网络参数进行优化,建立了瓦斯浓度的预测模型。通过MATLAB仿真研究表明,所建模型对采煤工作面的瓦斯浓度演变趋势预测合理,并且经过IGA算法优化DFNN网络比单纯的DFNN网络具有更快、更准确的预测功能,可以为防治煤矿瓦斯积聚提供更好的理论支持。     

888脱硫催化剂在焦炉煤气脱硫中的应用

针对焦炉煤气H2S含量超标问题,通过优化煤气脱硫工艺,改造脱硫设备,选用新型高效888脱硫催化剂,生产出合格城市煤气,解决了公司长期煤气H2S含量超标的难题。     

Effect of water on HDS of DBT over a dispersed Mo catalyst using in situ generated hydrogen

A novel process was developed for the bitumen emulsion upgrading, wherein emulsion breaking and upgrading occurred in the same reactor using H₂ generated in situ from the water in the emulsion via the water gas shift reaction (WGSR). In this study, dibenzothiophene (DBT) was chosen as a model compound to investigate the effect of water and in situ H₂ on hydrodesulfurization (HDS). All the experiments were performed in a 1-L autoclave reactor at temperatures between 300 and 380 °C using in situ H₂ and ex situ H₂ (externally supplied H₂) over a dispersed Mo catalyst formed from phosphomolybdic acid (PMA). At very low water content, water was found to promote the HDS reaction in the ex situ H₂ run probably because it facilitates the formation of more active dispersed MoS_x species. At higher water content, however, water inhibits every individual reaction in the reaction network in the HDS of DBT, blocking the hydrogenation pathway more than the hydrogenolysis pathway. The relative reactivity of the in situ and ex situ H₂ depends on the water content present in the reaction system. At an optimized mole ratio of H₂O:CO (1.35), higher HDS activity was observed in the in situ H₂ run compared to ex situ H₂ run, and particularly, the hydrogenation pathway was promoted in the in situ H₂ run.     

Interaction of a shock pulse with a contact discontinuity

Passing of a triangular moderate-intensity pulse through a constant discontinuity is considered. Decay of the shock wave that passed into the second gas is analyzed. Damping of the detonation wave after burnout of the combustible mixture is discussed. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 102–107, July–August, 2007.     

Impact of H+ ion irradiation on Matrimid®. I. Evolution in chemical structure

Ion beam irradiation can be used to modify the structure and gas transport properties of glassy polymers. This is the first of two studies that focus on the impact of H⁺ ion irradiation on the structure and permeation properties of the polyimide Matrimid®. Specifically, the evolution in chemical structure after H⁺ irradiation over a range of fluences was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy and dissolution studies. Although H⁺ ion irradiation at very low ion fluences induced little modification in the chemical structure, irradiation at relatively high ion fluences resulted in crosslinking of the irradiated films. The branched structure of the aliphatic methyl (CH₃) was the most sensitive to the H⁺ ion irradiation. The para‐disubstituted aromatic ring showed the strongest resistance toward ion irradiation and required fairly high doses to induce degradation. Two potential crosslinking mechanisms related to the degradation of the aliphatic methyl and the benzophenone carbonyl were presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2010–2019, 2003     

Oxygen enrichment from air through multilayer thin low‐density polyethylene films

Several multilayer thin low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) films were fabricated by blown thin film having a thickness of 7 μm and an area of 130 cm². They were characterized for their oxygen‐enrichment performance from air by a constant pressure–variable volume method in a round permeate cell with an effective area of 73.9 cm². The relationship between oxygen‐enrichment properties, including oxygen‐enriched air (OEA) flux, oxygen concentration, permeability coefficients of OEA, oxygen, nitrogen, as well as separation factor through the multilayer LDPE films, and operating parameters, including transfilm pressure difference, retentate/permeate flux ratio, temperature, as well as layer number, are all discussed in detail. It is found that all of the preceding oxygen‐enrichment parameters increase continuously with an increase of transfilm pressure difference from 0.1 to 0.65 MPa, especially for the trilayer and tetralayer LDPE films. The oxygen concentration and separation factor appear to rapidly increase within the retentate/permeate flux ratio below 200, and then become unchangeable beyond that, whereas the OEA flux and the permeability coefficients of OEA, oxygen, and nitrogen seem to remain nearly constant within the whole retentate/permeate flux ratio investigated, especially for the monolayer and bilayer LDPE films. The selectivity becomes inferior, whereas the permeability becomes superior, as the operating temperature increases from 23 to 31°C. The highest oxygen concentration was found to be 44.8% for monolayer LDPE film in a single step with air containing oxygen of 20.9% as a feed gas and operating pressure of 0.5 MPa at a retentate/permeate flux ratio of 340 and 23°C. The results demonstrate a possibility to prepare an oxygen‐enriching membrane directly from air, based on the easily obtained thin LDPE films. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 3013–3021, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.2331