酸催化二甘醇脱水环化反应研究

以硫酸、磷钨酸、ZRP-5分子筛为催化剂,研究了二甘醇(DEG)脱水环化的反应规律。结果表明,DEG发生分子内脱水环化反应,生成1,4-二氧六环(DOX),DEG分子间脱水不仅可以生成四甘醇、六甘醇等,同时可生成三甘醇、五甘醇等一系列的多甘醇(PEG)。不仅DEG可以脱水环化生成DOX,在反应中生成的PEG也同样可以进行生成DOX的反应。对于二甘醇(DEG)脱水环化反应,硫酸是性能优良的催化剂,反应可以在较低的温度下进行,馏出产物中DOX选择性大于95％。     

Thermal Expansion Behavior of La1—xSrxMn1—yCoyO3—δ Perovskites

The thermal expansion behavior of La1-xSrxMn1-yCoyO3-δ (x=0.2-0.4, y=0.1-0.3) perovskites in air has been investigated. The average linear thermal expansion coefficients increased with increasing Sr content up to 40 mole fraction or Co content up to 30 mole fraction. The expansion is generally attributed to an increase in the average cation radius as some of the cations in the perovskite are reduced in valence when oxygen ions are removed from the structure.     

Al-Cu-Fe QUASICRYSTALLINE PHASE FORMATION BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING

Al-Cu-Fe alloys were prepared from elemental powders in a high-energy planetary ball mill. A sequence of solid state reactions resulting in quasicrystal (QC) phase formation takes place during heating of the as-milled powder. These reactions were studied by both differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction methods. Mechanically alloyed powders were consolidated by cold and hot pressing, as well as by explosive compaction. After annealing at sufficiently high temperatures, the consolidated samples are single-phase QC, except the ones consolidated by explosion. The high reactivity of the as-milled alloys causes the appearance of high porosity of the consolidated samples after the annealing.     

Thermodynamic Aspects of Aromatic Hydrogenation

Aromatic hydrogenation is one of the important classes of hydrotreating reactions and its thermodynamics play a significant role in achieving the product specifications. This article comprehensively reviews the available experimental thermodynamic data as well as the methods to estimate the data for aromatic hydrogenation. The data indicate that aromatic hydrogenation reactions are thermodynamically more favorable at about 200°C-250°C and moderate pressures (3-5 MPa). Industrially, however, these reactions are carried out at 300°C-375°C to have reasonable kinetics. Hence there is a need for highly active catalysts, which can facilitate significant kinetics of hydrotreating reactions at around 200°C-250°C.     

中国炼铁系统的节能与环境保护

回顾了20世纪90年代以来,中国炼铁系统的节能和环境保护的进展.指出由于高炉喷煤技术的开发和推广,大大减少了焦炉的建设投资,真正从源头减少了铁前系统的能耗和污染.基于对炼铁系统二次能源的分析,从节能和减排温室气体来看,淘汰落后的小烧结、小高炉, 大力推广高炉TRT、高效干式除尘和利用高炉煤气发电及烧结余热回收利用等,将是今后工作的重点.     

溶液中微量甲基异丁基酮的分析方法

研究了微量甲异丁基酮在氟氧铌酸（H2NbOF5)及氟钽酸（H2TaF7)溶液中存在的形式，找到利用碘仿-硫代硫酸钠联合滴定的方法，来标定微量甲基异丁基酮在H2NbOF5及H2TaF7溶液中的含量，本方法在钽铌冶炼过程中操作简便易行且结果重现性好。     

Review of Arthur R. Jensen (2006)--Clocking the mind: Mental chronometry and individual differences.

Reviews the book Clocking the Mind: Mental chronometry and individual differences by Arthur Jensen (see record 2006-20276-000). Mental chronometry, as Arthur Jensen stresses, is the study of reaction time (RT) in its various guises, contexts, and applications. As with respect to much of experimental psychology (cognitive and other), there is a venerable past here lying in the background, providing a wide-ranging context in which to embed our current (that is, our 40-odd year) preoccupation with RT as a primary dependent measure in cognitive psychology. This recent book, Clocking the Mind: Mental Chronometry and Individual Differences (published by Elsevier), weds both differential psychology's concern with the measurement of individual differences in RT (e.g., Austin, Deary, Gibson, McGregor, & Dent, 1998) and experimental psychology's concern with "the effects of manipulating various external conditions on variation in the measurements of RT" (p. 1). The reader of this journal will most probably be more familiar with the latter use of RT in the literature, especially when embedded within such familiar experimental tasks as those tapping both Garner and Stroop effects (Pansky & Algom, 1999). The book should be perused with care in order to ensure the further profitable use of RT in both experimental and differential lines of research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

辽河催化裂化澄清油中间馏分热反应研究

采用先加入絮凝剂脱灰，再经减压蒸馏切割420～500℃馏分的方法，将辽河催化裂化澄清油预处理，考察了澄清油、加入絮凝剂脱灰后的澄清油以及脱灰后再减压蒸馏所得的中间馏分这3种原料在热转化过程中中间相的转化历程，并采用偏光显微镜观察热转化产物。结果表明，澄清油预处理效果明显，所得中间馏分具有较低的H／C原子比（nH／nC）和适宜的组成分布，是生产针状焦的理想原料。热转化产物的光学组织结构属于各向异性发达的广域-流线型结构。     

以杂多酸为催化剂合成乙二醇-乙醚的研究

研究了杂多酸催化无水乙醇和环氧乙烷(EO)制备乙醇乙醚的醚化反应,考察了不同种类的杂多酸以及醚化反应工艺条件对反应活性和选择性的影响.结果表明,PW_(12)催化剂的反应活性高、反应温度低、选择性好,当用PW_(12)作催化剂,乙醇与环氧化乙烷之比为3.0(mol),反应温度45℃,反应时间1h时,转化率和选择性均超过97%.     

Action of chelators on solid iron in phosphate-containing aqueous solutions

To study the effect of strong iron-ligands on steel corrosion, mild steel electrodes were immersed in solutions containing 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH=7.2) and between 0.01 mM and 1 M of either the iron(II)-chelators 2,2^′-bipyridine or FerroZine, or the iron(III)-chelators citrate or acetylacetonate. Resulting surface reactions were investigated by quantifying the electrochemical potential (E), the electrochemical polarization resistance (R_p), the corrosion current (I_corr) and the release of iron into solution. The surface was further analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM/SEM-EDAX) and atomic force microscopy. Concentrations of 0.1 mM of any of the chelators led to slight, temporary changes in E, I_corr and R_p. Concentrations of 10 mM resulted in characteristic changes of E, which were the same for all chelators and in the precipitation of FePO₄ in the case of citrate and acetylacetonate, or vivianite [Fe₃(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O] in the case of bipyridine and FerroZine. Concentrations of 1 mM of both iron(III)-chelators led to a temporary drop of E similar to that found with 0.1 mM chelator. With iron(II)-chelators, E dropped to about −500 mV before oscillating for several days. The amplitudes of the oscillations were up to 200 mV with periods of 30 and 20-25 min for bipyridine and FerroZine, respectively.