煤化学链燃烧颗粒流动反应的数值模拟

针对化学链燃烧气固反应速率的影响因素复杂未知的问题,本文建立了碳粒与CaSO4载氧体颗粒在水蒸气气氛下的数理模型,并利用Fluent进行数值计算,从微观上分析了温度和压力的改变,对颗粒间化学链燃烧反应速率、CO2生成速率以及载氧体表面固相生成物沉积速率的影响。分析结果表明,提高反应器内的温度和压力,均加快了CaSO4载氧体颗粒表面CaS的沉积速率,且压力的提高在很大程度上促进了沉积速率的增加,而沉积覆盖在载氧体表面上的CaS导致了反应速率的下降。该研究有利于高纯度CO2气体的捕集,从而达到减排的目的,对化学链反应速率的控制具有重要意义。     

荞麦蛋白-木糖接枝物的制备及性质

通过美拉德反应对荞麦蛋白进行改性,对荞麦蛋白-木糖接枝物的制备及其性质进行研究。在湿热条件下,利用美拉德反应制备荞麦蛋白-木糖接枝物。通过正交试验优化接枝物的制备条件,荞麦蛋白与木糖按1∶5的质量比、在50℃下反应120min,接枝度可达到49.24%。性质测定表明,接枝物的溶解度较荞麦蛋白提高了约25%,乳化性提高了约30%,乳化稳定性提高了约11%。     

Kinetics study of leaching arsenic from Ni-Mo ore roasting in dust mixture of hydrochloric and sulfuric acids

The kinetics of leaching arsenic from Ni-Mo ore roasting dust was investigated. The effects including leaching temperature, particle size of the smelter dust, stirring speed, the coefficient β（the molar ratio of sodium chlorate to arsenic in the smelter dust） and the initial H＋ concentration on leaching arsenic were studied. The results indicate that the leaching of arsenic increases sharply with the decrease of particle size. The orders of reaction with respect to H＋ concentration and particle size are determinted to be 1.136 and 1.806, respectively. The leaching of arsenic reaches 99% under experimental conditions, the apparent activation energy is determined to be 11.157 kJ/mol, which is consistent with the values of activation energy for diffusion model The kinetics equation of leaching arsenic from the roasting dust could be expressed by a semi-empirical equation as 1-2/3η （1 -η）^2/3 = k0（c[H＋]）^1.136ro^-1.806 exp[（-11157 /RT）t].     

三维电极／电Fenton法处理苯酚废水机理研究

目的确定三维电杉电Fenton法处理苯酚废水的最佳反应条件并探讨反应机理．方法设计正交试验确定最佳反应条件,对处理结果进行紫外光谱分析;采用叔丁醇验证·OH的存在．结果在最佳反应条件pH值3,电解电压为12V,极板间距为10．5cm,电解质投加质量浓度为1．2g/L,Fe^2＋投加浓度为0．9mmol／L条件下,苯酚最大去除率为97．38％．苯酚去除率影响因素大小为pH值〉电解电压〉Fe^2＋投加浓度〉极板间距〉电解质投加质量浓度．反应过程中,苯酚首先被降解为醌类化合物并进一步降解为其他中间产物,最终被氧化为小分子化合物．结论苯酚的去除主要是电极的直接氧化,·OH以及其他活性氧化物共同作用的结果,其中·OH对苯酚的降解起到主要作用．     

室温固相法制备纳米Fe_2O_3的工艺研究

以FeCl3·6H2O和NaOH为原料,Tw een-80为分散剂,在室温下通过固相反应制备前驱物,然后煅烧前驱物制得纳米氧化铁。研究了表面活性剂的用量、前驱物的煅烧温度、煅烧时间对产物的影响。利用XRD对制备的纳米氧化物进行表征。结果表明,制备的产物为纳米α-Fe2O3。表面活性剂Tween-80可使产物的产率明显提高,粒径减小;随煅烧温度的提高,煅烧时间的延长,产物的粒径先减小,再增大。煅烧温度500℃,煅烧时间2h,制得的α-Fe2O3的平均粒径为21nm。     

Effect of rare earth samarium addition on the kinetics of precipitation in AI-Cu-Mn casting alloy

The mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy mainly depend on the morphology, distribution, size, and number ofθ′（Al2Cu） precipitates. In this study, we have analyzed the effect of rare earth samarium （Sm） addition on the kinetics of precipitation in the Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy by using differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Thermal ef-fect peaks that are attributed to the formation and the dissolution of Guinier-Preston （GP） zone andθ′phase were identified from the DSC curves. The activation energy ofθ′formation was calculated by using both the Kissinger method and the analytical model, and the corre-sponding results were compared. Results suggest that the activation energy ofθ′formation in Al-Cu-Mn alloy is dramatically higher than that in Al-Cu-Mn-Sm alloy. Accordingly, it is concluded that the addition of rare earth Sm decreases the activation energy ofθ′formation and promotes the formation ofθ′precipitates.     

预烧结对低压烧结WC-Co硬质合金组织和性能的影响

采用原位还原碳化反应制备超细WC-10%Co,在1250、1300、1350、1380℃进行预烧结处理,得到的预烧结块体在1450℃、5 MPa氩气条件下进行低压二次烧结;分析对比了预烧结块体和二次烧结块体的显微组织,并对二次烧结合金进行了性能测试.结果表明:不同温度预烧结块体经低压二次烧结后,可有效抑制晶粒异常长大现象,二次烧结后合金具有高的断裂韧性,最高值达16.1MPa·m^-1/2.在1 350、1 380℃下预烧结块体经低压二次烧结后均具有均匀的合金组织,其中经过1380℃预烧结块体横向断裂强度为3260 MPa.     

盐度对垃圾渗滤液亚硝酸型反硝化动力学特性的影响

为了考察在盐度影响下亚硝酸型反硝化动力学特性,采用长期处理垃圾渗滤液的SBR反应器内具有良好短程生物脱氮特性的活性污泥进行亚硝酸型反硝化批次试验,通过函数拟合确立动力学方程及动力学参数,研究结果表明:盐度的突升或突降都会使比反硝化速率减慢,并且影响程度随初始ρ(NO₂^--N)的增加而增大,在盐度为10 g/L,初始ρ(NO₂^--N)为100 mg/L时,比反硝化速率(以N计)达最大值16.28 mg/(gVSS·h).活性污泥系统中微生物的比反硝化特性在各盐度下均符合Andrews模型,且盐度的升高和降低会使系统的最大比反硝化速率μ_max和半饱和常数K_s下降,抑制常数K_i上升.在10 g/L盐度下,μ_max(以NO₂^--N计)=22.57 mg/(gVSS·h),K_s=20.71 mg/L,K_i,min=613.32 mg/L.     

红外光谱研究硬脂酸单分子膜与十八胺单分子膜之间的相互作用

研究了硬脂酸单分子膜和十八胺单分子膜两者间的相互作用.为了观察它们之间是否发生酸碱反应,分别把硬脂酸和十八胺的氯仿溶液滴加到气液界面上,形成两类物质的单分子膜区域.然后把这两种单分子膜在水气界面上混合.通过红外光谱研究表明:质子在两类单分子膜之间是很难转移的,同时红外光谱证明由硬脂酸单分子膜和十八胺单分子膜制备的混合LB膜主要由独立的硬脂酸区域和十八胺区域组成.     

Influence of surface roughness on flotation kinetics of quartz

Surface roughness of quartz particles was determined by measuring the specific surface area of particles. The wettability characteristics of particles were determined by measuring the flotation rate using a laboratory flotation cell. Experimental results show that the rod mill product has higher roughness than the ball mill product. For the particles with larger surface roughness, the flotation kinetics constant is also higher. Finally, empirical relationships between surface roughness (r) and the flotation kinetics constant (k) of quartz particles as k=A+Br+Cr ^0.5lnr+D/lnr+E/r and k=A+Br are presented, in which A, B, C, D and E are constants related to experimental conditions and mineralogical properties of mineral.