基于二维属性直方图的铸件X射线图像的缺陷提取

针对铸件X射线图像对比度低、边缘模糊、噪声多等特点,提出了基于二维属性直方图的最大相关准则图像分割算法。首先利用最大熵法得到的阈值构造图像的属性集,然后由原始图像及其属性集构造二维属性直方图。通过最大化图像的二维属性直方图中目标和背景分布的相关量来选择阈值向量。同时,为了节省二维阈值算法的计算时间,给出了递推算法,此算法减少了大量的重复计算,有利于该算法的实时应用。对铸件中气孔、缩孔和杂质三种缺陷进行了分割,试验结果表明,该算法能够快速、准确地分割出铸件图像中的缺陷。     

基于递推最小二乘法与模糊自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波相结合的车辆状态估计

针对汽车状态估计中模型参数的变化和观测噪声的时变特性,提出了递推最小二乘法与模糊自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波相结合的汽车状态估计算法。为实现模型参数与观测噪声的实时更新,建立了基于三自由度非线性车辆动力学模型的算法,首先利用递推最小二乘法对汽车的总质量进行估计,其次建立了模糊控制器对扩展卡尔曼滤波的观测噪声进行实时跟踪。在搭建的CarSim与MATLAB/Simulink联合仿真平台中验证了该算法的有效性,结果表明该算法估计精度高于传统扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,研究结果为汽车的主动安全控制提供了理论支持。     

双根对称轧制34#球扁钢的工艺特点

针对球扁钢轧制过程中变形不对称的特征,采用双根对称轧制法解决了非对称球扁钢轧制困难和冷却弯曲等问题,介绍了孔型强迫宽展、冷床冷却、剖分矫直的独特设计,保证了生产稳定和产品质量。     

Direct back propagation neural dynamic programming-based particle swarm optimisation

In this paper, we introduce direct back propagation (BP) neural dynamic programming (NDP) into particle swarm optimisation (PSO). Thus, a direct BP NDP inspired PSO algorithm, which we call NDPSO, is proposed. In NDPSO, since direct BP NDP belongs to the class of heuristic dynamic programming algorithms based on model-based adaptive critic designs and often serves as an online learning control paradigm, critic BP neural network is trained to optimise a total reward-to-go objective, namely to balance Bellman's equation, while action BP neural network is used to train the inertia weight, cognitive, and social coefficients so that the critic BP network output can approach an ultimate reward-to-go objective of success. With the collective aid of action-critic BP neural networks, inertia weight, cognitive, and social coefficients become more adaptive. Besides, the NDPSO's mutation mechanism also has greatly improved the dynamic performance of the standard PSO. Empirical experiments are conducted on both unimodal and multimodal benchmark functions. The experimental results demonstrate NDPSO's effectiveness and superiority to many other PSO variants on solving most multimodal problems.     

基于动能定理的公交车质量估计算法(英文)

公交车质量是影响公交车油耗的重要因素,同时也是车辆自动换挡策略和混合动力能量管理的关键参数。本文针对公交车质量的估计问题,提出了基于动能定理的估计算法。利用车辆数据采集系统,得到车辆的速度、扭矩等信息,选择同一站点、同一档位加速过程的数据,使用动能定理的方法估计了公交车的质量。经过试验数据验证,质量的平均估计误差为2.92%。动能定理的方法相比传统的递推最小二乘方法所需的样本点更少,估计误差更小。由于公交车站点间的运行距离一般较短,可提供的样本数据非常少,因而动能定理的方法更适用于公交车的质量估计。此外,还分析了档位、滚动阻力系数、空气阻力系数和道路坡度对质量估计的影响。     

基于两阶段TKF的测量死区下离散时间系统的故障估计

针对出现测量死区的离散系统,提出一种基于两阶段TKF的故障估计方法。引入2个Bernoulli随机向量描述输出死区,并设计了增广状态Tobit卡尔曼滤波器(augmented state Tobit Kalman filter, ASTKF)。通过两步U-V变换方法对ASTKF的协方差矩阵解耦,从而获得两阶段Tobit卡尔曼滤波器(two-stage Tobit Kalman filter, TSTKF),并且利用TSTKF解决了系统故障估计问题。对所提出方法进行仿真,并与标准卡尔曼滤波器、间歇观测下的卡尔曼滤波器进行比较,说明了该方法的可行性和准确性。     

Solving singular control problems using uniform trigonometrization method

This study investigates the application of a recently developed construct, the uniform trigonometrization method (UTM), to the singular control problems in chemical engineering. The UTM involves minimal modifications to the original problem, thereby generating near-singular control solutions that can be used for conceptual design and serve as an alternate to direct techniques like nested and simultaneous approaches. Eight classical singular control problems with known analytical solutions and three complex singular control problems from chemical engineering domain are solved in this study. The results obtained using the UTM for these problems are found to match well with the literature and are of higher resolution as compared to the results obtained using a direct pseudospectral-based solver. The ability of the UTM to handle complex chemical engineering problems with both singular controls and state path constraints has also been demonstrated in this study.     

一维非恒定水动力学模型的实时洪水预报

本文建立了一维非恒定水动力学模型与最小二乘法耦合的实时洪水预报模型。运用最小二乘的递推算法,引入时变遗忘因子实时跟踪模型中时变参数的变化,并动态修正参数,实时改变一维非恒定水动力学模型结构,对洪水预报进行实时修正。通过长江干流宜昌～螺山段洪水实时预报应用．改进后模型预报精度比原一维非恒定水动力学模型计算结果有很大提高,表明所建立的模型用于洪水预报是行之有效的,在洪水预报中具有推广应用价值。     

基于多层递阶回归的土石坝渗流时变监控模型

根据土体流变机理,考虑时间效应,对以往的渗流监控模型进行了改进.在此基础上,建立了基于多层递阶回归方法的土石坝渗流时变监控模型,并就某工程实例验证了该模型的有效性.计算结果表明,该模型具有较高的拟合精度,且其预报能力较非时变模型强.