掺杂Cu的Ni基催化剂用于制备碳纳米管

以共浸渍法制备的Ni-Cu-Al金属复合物为催化剂,甲烷高温裂解合成碳纳米管。考察了Cu含量对Ni-Cu-Al催化剂活性和碳纳米管形貌的影响及焙烧温度和焙烧气氛对Ni-Cu-Al催化剂性能的影响。采用透射电子显微镜对Ni-Cu-Al催化剂和碳纳米管的形貌进行了表征,采用程序升温还原方法考察了Ni-Cu-Al催化剂的还原温度。实验结果表明,在Ni-Al催化剂中加入Cu不仅可提高催化剂的活性、延长催化剂的寿命,还有助于控制生成的碳纳米管的内径。当n(Ni)∶n(Cu)∶n(Al)=75∶15∶10时,Ni-Cu-Al催化剂的BET比表面积最大,为278.18m2/g;活性也最高,在甲烷流量60mL/min、反应温度1023K、反应时间300min的条件下,碳纳米管的收率(以催化剂的质量计)为23.66g。Ni-Cu-Al催化剂的最佳焙烧条件为350℃,氮气气氛。     

CuO-La_2O_3/ZrO_2催化剂催化乙醇水蒸气重整制氢

采用氨水沉淀法和浸渍法制备了复合氧化物催化剂CuO-La2O3/ZrO2(简称Cu-La/ZrO2催化剂),研究了Cu-La/ZrO2催化剂在乙醇水蒸气重整制氢反应中的催化性能。用N2吸附-脱附、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱对试样进行了表征。Cu-La/ZrO2催化剂为单斜晶相结构的纳米晶粒,Cu物种高度分散在ZrO2载体表面,Cu-La/ZrO2催化剂经还原后,Cu物种主要以Cu2O形式存在,反应后Cu物种主要以单质形式存在。Cu-La/ZrO2催化剂对乙醇水蒸气重整反应有较高的活性和选择性。在乙醇与水的摩尔比1∶6.33、乙醇水溶液进料量0.1mL/min、Cu-La/ZrO2催化剂用量500mg的条件下,反应温度723K时乙醇转化率为78%～88%,气相产物中H2的摩尔分数约为75%,CO摩尔分数小于1%,CH4摩尔分数约为1%;反应温度773K时,乙醇转化率可达98%。     

甲磺酸铜催化合成草酸二异戊酯

制备了甲磺酸铜催化剂,对其结构进行了IR和热重分析,并用于催化草酸和异戊醇的酯化反应。结果表明,甲磺酸铜具有催化活性高、稳定,易分离,重复使用性能优良,对环境友好的特点。最佳酯化工艺条件为:n(异戊醇):n(草酸)=2．8:1,w(甲磺酸铜)=0．3％,以过量的异戊醇为带水剂,回流反应2．0 h,酯化率可达到96．8％。     

In Situ Formation of Copper‐Based Hosts Embedded within 3D N‐Doped Hierarchically Porous Carbon Networks for Ultralong Cycle Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are promising energy storage systems due to their large theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg^?1 and cost effectiveness. However, the severe shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfide intermediates (LiPSs) and sluggish redox kinetics during the cycling process cause low sulfur utilization, rapid capacity fading, and a low coulombic efficiency. Here, a 3D copper, nitrogen co‐doped hierarchically porous graphitic carbon network developed through a freeze‐drying method (denoted as 3D Cu@NC‐F) is prepared, and it possesses strong chemical absorption and electrocatalytic conversion activity for LiPSs as highly efficient sulfur host materials in Li–S batteries. The porous carbon network consisting of 2D cross‐linked ultrathin carbon nanosheets provides void space to accommodate volumetric expansion upon lithiation, while the Cu, N‐doping effect plays a critical role for the confinement of polysulfides through chemical bonding. In addition, after sulfuration of Cu@NC‐F network, the in situ grown copper sulfide (Cu_xS) embedded within Cu_xS@NC/S‐F composite catalyzes LiPSs conversion during reversible cycling, resulting in low polarization and fast redox reaction kinetics. At a current density of 0.1 C, the Cu_xS@NC/S‐F composites' electrode exhibits an initial capacity of 1432 mAh g^?1 and maintains 1169 mAh g^?1 after 120 cycles, with a coulombic efficiency of nearly 100%.     

基于紫铜填充中间层的黄铜激光焊接气孔控制

采用中间过渡层的新方法研究了黄铜焊接气孔的控制,对比分析了以紫铜为中间层的黄铜激光焊接和常规激光焊接获得的焊缝的气孔率,结果表明:在中间层条件下,焊缝表面和内部的气孔率均大幅降低;随着焊接速率增大,气孔率逐渐减小,当焊接速率为2.2 mm/s时,气孔率几乎为零;当焊接参数相同时,中间层条件下的焊缝气孔率仅为常规激光焊接的1/3,焊接接头的力学性能优于常规激光焊接。在焊缝成形良好的前提下,验证了采用紫铜为中间层的焊接方法控制黄铜激光焊接气孔缺陷的有效性。     

川东巴中市恩阳区近水平土质滑坡破坏模式及专业监测预警

巴中市恩阳区属于典型川东北红层区域,近几年大量的人类工程活动及强降雨极易诱发浅表层土质滑坡,对人民的生命财产造成威胁。本文通过对巴中市恩阳区近3年(2020—2022年)新增的25处近水平土质滑坡进行统计分析,建立了区域典型的土质滑坡地质模型:此类近水平土质滑坡的基本特征为岩层倾角和地形坡度均在10°以内(多为3°~5°),呈近水平状,滑体土层厚度前缘薄,后缘厚,且滑坡前缘存在高陡临空面,岩、土分界面明显。在此基础上定性分析了此类滑坡的变形破坏模式:前缘滑移-拉裂,次级剪切滑动,逐级牵引滑移,整体滑动变形。选择区内一处典型的近水平土质滑坡为研究对象,以滑坡前缘和中后部地表位移为主要监测对象,并监测降雨强度,通过GNSS地表位移监测站、裂缝位移计、雨量计等监测设备对滑坡开展专业监测,监测数据表明,近水平土质滑坡的实际变形破坏模式与理论分析结论基本一致。本文的研究结论可为区内同类型滑坡在设计专业监测方案,制定精准防灾避险措施时,提供一定的理论支撑。     

非金属材料表面激光诱导化学局域镀覆金属（铜,镍）的研究

利用５１４．５ｎｍＡｒ激光及１０７９．５ｎｍＮｄ：ＹＡＰ激光作诱导光源，有机玻璃、环氧树脂板在体，研究了激光功率、辐照时间、镀液组份、浓度对激光诱导化学局域镀覆金属铜、镍的影响规律，探讨了激光作用的物理机制。利用扫描电子显微及轮廓仪分析了镀斑形成过程、微观形貌、厚度分布。结果表明：与普通化学镀相比，激光诱导的镀速度要高２－３个数量级，镀怪表面平滑、颗粒大小均匀，规则、分布致密。镀斑的厚度在横 呈类     

改善铜蒸气激光输出特性的研究

介绍了铜蒸气激光器的发展及其输出特性。总结了近年来改善铜蒸气激光输出特性的研究。     

Grain nucleation and texture analysis of electroless copper deposition on a palladium seed layer

Electroless copper grains were deposited on a Pd seed layer under varying bath conditions. The seed layer was determined to have a (111) texture using grazing incident x-ray (GIX) diffraction. Multiple nucleation sites in the grain boundaries were imaged using a scanning tunneling microscope. Continual copper growth produced row-like structures. The texture of the electrolessly deposited copper (ED-Cu) grains were determined to be (111). No radial grain orientation for the Pd seed layer or the ED-Cu thin film was detected using GIX diffraction. Atomic force microscope images indicated continual Cu nucleation throughout the deposition process. PdH was formed as a by-product of the electroless deposition process, and detected by x-ray diffraction.     

衣康酸生产菌的激光诱变育种及其产酸条件

本文利用纯铜蒸气激光对土曲霉ＡＴ１进行诱变育种。获得突变株ＡＴ８９－４的遗传性状稳定。在初始葡萄糖为１０ｇ／１００ｍｌ的摇瓶培养条件下，产衣康酸大于５ｇ／１００ｍｌ，糖转化率达６０％左右。