Roles and Applications of Red Blood Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Health and Diseases

Red blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles (RBCEVs) are vesicles naturally produced by red blood cells and play multiple roles such as acting as cell-to-cell communication messengers in both normal physiological and diseased states. RBCEVs are highly promising delivery vehicles for therapeutic agents such as biomolecules and nucleic acids as they are easy to source, safe, and versatile. RBCEVs autonomously target the liver and pass the blood–brain barrier into the brain, which is highly valuable for the treatment of liver and brain diseases. RBCEVs can be modified by various functional units, including various functional molecules and nanoparticles, to improve their active targeting capabilities for tumors or other sites. Moreover, the RBCEV level is significantly shifted in many diseased states; hence, they can also serve as important biomarkers for disease diagnoses. It is clear that RBCEVs have considerable potential in multiple medical applications. In this review, we briefly introduce the biological roles of RBCEVs, presented interesting advances in RBCEV applications, and discuss several challenges that need to be addressed for their clinical translation.     

黄、红麻纤维的脱胶方法及国内外发展现状

麻类是人类最早种植利用的植物纤维之一,广泛应用于人们生产和生活的各个领域。要提高黄、红麻的产品档次和扩大其应用范围,关键的问题则是脱胶麻的质量。文章介绍了黄、红麻纤维脱胶的方法,麻纤维脱胶的发展现状。     

水泥红黏土力学性能试验研究

针对红黏土这种特殊土质,研究了水泥掺量、龄期、Ca(OH)2掺量等对水泥红黏土无侧限抗压强度的影响。结果表明:水泥红黏土的无侧限抗压强度随着龄期的延长而增强;水泥土无侧限抗压强度随着水泥掺量的增加逐渐增强,15%的水泥掺量为最优掺量;Ca(OH)2对水泥红黏土无侧限抗压强度影响较大,随着Ca(OH)2掺量的增加强度增强。     

Albumin Binds Doxorubicin via Self–Assembling Dyes as Specific Polymolecular Ligands

Congo red (CR) type self–assembled ribbon–like structures (SRLS) were previously shown to interact with some proteins, including albumin. SRLS also complex with some drugs with a flat, ring–shaped structure with aromatic characteristics, intercalating them into their ribbon structure. The combination of interaction with proteins and drug binding by SRLS enables the use of such systems for immunotargeting. It is especially interesting in the case of chemotherapeutic agents. The present experiments aimed to show that the model carrier system composed of supramolecular albumin and Congo red efficiently binds doxorubicin (Dox) and that the drug can be released at reduced pH. The presented results come from the studies on such complexes differing in the molar ratio of CR to Dox. The following methods were used for the analysis: electrophoresis, dialysis, gel filtration, spectral analysis, and analysis of the size of the hydrodynamic radius using the dynamic light scattering method (DLS). The applied methods confirmed the formation of the CR–Dox complex, with large dimensions and changed properties compared with free CR. The presented results show that albumin binds both CR and its complex with Dox. Various CR–Dox molar ratios, 5:1, 2:1, and 1:1, were analyzed. The confirmation of the possibility of releasing the drug from the carriers thus formed was also obtained. The presented research is important due to the search for optimal solutions for the use of SRLS in drug immunotargeting, with particular emphasis on chemotherapeutic agents.     

Eu3+掺杂Na2La2Ti3O10红色荧光粉的光谱性质

采用传统高温固相法制备了不同Eu³⁺浓 度掺杂的Na₂(La1－xEux) ₂Ti₃O10荧光粉,研究了Eu³⁺浓度 对样品结构及发光性质的影响。X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明Eu³⁺掺杂浓度不大于40%的 样品为四方相Na₂La₂Ti₃O10;当 Eu³⁺浓度达到60%时,出现了正交相NaEuTiO₄。对样品进行 激发、发射光谱的 测试发现,样品可被较 宽波段的紫外光有效激发,获得明亮的红橙色光发射,且Na₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀到Eu 3+存在有效的能量传递。利用 Van模型,证实了Eu³⁺间的交换相互作用是引发浓度猝灭的主要原因。利用Auzel模型 ,解释了Eu³⁺发光的自猝 灭行为。测试了样品在不同温度下的发射光谱和时间衰减曲线,确定样品发光产生 温度猝灭的主 要机理是Crossover过程。利用Arrhenius公式对实验数据进行拟合,确定激活能值约为0.26eV,说明Na₂(La1－xEux)₂Ti₃O₁₀荧光粉具有较好的发光热稳定性。     

新型低烟无卤阻燃电缆料的研究

采用改性纳米氢氧化镁Mg（OH）2、微胶囊化红磷（MRP）和热塑性酚醛树脂（PF—T）与低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）复配成低烟无卤阻燃电缆料。通过反复试验得出基料LDPE为100份（质量份）,（PF—T）、MRP和纳米Mg（OH）,的份数比为25：8：40时协同效果最佳,其氧指数达到36,水平燃烧通过FH-1,拉仲强度达13MPa,断裂伸长率为370％。热失重结果表明,协效阻燃体系提高了该复合材料的质量保持率,失重速率明显降低;流变试验表明,添加了PF—T后复合材料的平衡扭矩明显降低;用电子扫描显微镜对复合材料的微观结构分析发现,PF—T和LDPE相容性很好,没有界面产生,无机材料在基料中有很好的分散性。     

p型掺杂ZnO薄膜的光致发光特性研究

采用磁控溅射技术,以N2作为p型掺杂源,制备p型N掺杂ZnO薄膜,着重研究了不同掺杂量的N掺杂ZnO薄膜的光学特性。结果表明,掺杂ZnO薄膜在360 nm、380 nm处出现主荧光峰,409 nm、440 nm处出现次荧光峰,而且随着N掺杂量的不同,主、次荧光峰 峰位和强度都会发生变化。当O2∶N2的体积流量比为15∶5时,薄膜中N含量最大,荧光谱中发光峰强度最佳,霍尔效应检测薄膜具有明显的p型导电特征。     

LD泵浦6.8W连续Nd:YVO4/LBO 671nm红光激光器

报道了一种光纤耦合半导体激光二极管(LD)阵列端面抽运Nd∶YVO4晶体,腔内Ⅰ类临界相位匹配LBO(LiB3O5)晶体倍频,实现波长为671nm的全固态红光激光器瓦级连续输出的理论分析和实验结果.采用短三镜折叠腔结构,通过对激光晶体热效应的考虑,估算其热透镜焦距,用计算机优化设计选取合适谐振腔参数,在26W的注入泵浦功率下,获得了连续输出6.8W、波长为671nm的红光基模稳定输出,光-光转化效率达到26%.     

红合金浸出试验及设备

本文简要介绍红合金在稀硫酸介质中氧化浸出及使用微泡中和槽作浸出设备的中试效果.