Adsorption des acides humiques sur charbon active en poudre. Influence du triphosphate de sodiumAdsorption of humic acids onto powdered activated carbon. The influence of sodium triphosphate

The use of activated carbon beds for the removal of natural humic and fulvic substances found in water supplies, has recently received considerable attention in water treatment operation (Lee et al., 1980; Le Cloirec et al., 1983). Moreover, the use of carbon adsorption for the reduction of haloform precursors (Anderson et al., 1981) and trihalomethanes produced by chlorination process, has contributed to a comprehensive investigation of adsorption characteristics of natural organic compounds (McCreary and Snoeyink, 1981). Many recent works showed the influence of adsorption system characteristics, such as pH, salt type, salt concentration and ionic heterogeneity in multicomponent adsorption systems, on the removal efficiency of humic and fulvic substances by activated carbon (McCreary and Snoeyink, 1980; Randtke and Jepsen, 1982; Weber et al., 1983). The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a main component of domestic detergents, sodium triphosphate (STP), on the adsorptive capacities of powdered activated carbon (PAC) for commercially supplied humic acids, at different pH values in distilled water. Also, the effect of STP concentration and pH on the adsorption affinity of the PAC for humic acids, is discussed in relation with electrokinetic properties of carbon particles (zeta potential measurements).A first batch equilibrium study (Figs 1 and 2), showed an effective enhancement of adsorption capacity for humic acids as a function of STP concentration, in a non buffered media (pH of distilled water, close to 5.0). For example, visible absorption analysis of humic acids indicates an increase of 93% (500 mg l^?1 PAC) and 133% (1000 mg l^?1 PAC) in the carbon adsorption efficiency for a STP concentration from 0.2 to 1.0mM. A second batch equilibrium study (Figs 3 and 4) led to adsorption isotherms for humic acids in distilled water, as a function of STP concentration and initial pH value of the non buffered multicomponent system. Freundlich isotherms showed an increase in the adsorption capacity of the PAC for humic acids, with a decrease in pH and an increase in STP concentration. However, the adsorption capacity for humic acids is quite reduced at high pH values in presence of STP, in comparison with results obtained with distilled water.Electrokinetic measurements on PAC suspensions (Fig. 5) indicates that both humic acids and STP induce a negative variation of the zeta potential of carbon particles. In such a binary system, the zeta potential is a linear function of the pH; the negative surface charge of the carbon increasing with an elevation of pH (Fig. 6). Therefore, it appears that some adsorption of triphosphate polyanion from solution could occur, contributing then to the apparent negative surface charge of PAC particles.It has been previously showed that the type of anion in sodium salts, had little effect on the enhancement of adsorptive capacities of activated carbon for humic substances (Lafrance and Mazet, 1985), due to Na⁺ ions. However, adsorption of TP anions on the carbon surface may produce a source of repulsive charges, unfavourable to the co-adsorption of humic acids as the pH of the binary system reach more basic conditions. The influence of possible electrostatic interactions between adsorbates at the carbon surface, on the adsorption efficiency for humic acids, could then be studied by zeta potential measurements of PAC particles during the adsorption process.     

氯化氢浸渍活性炭净化汞蒸气的研究

用氯化氢对吸附汞热气用的活性炭进行浸渍处理是一种新的偿试。用氯化氢浸渍后的活性炭，对汞的吸附效率和吸附容量与没有浸渍的活性炭相比，均有很大的提高，同时，与其它吸附汞用的浸渍剂相比，具有价格低，来源广的优点，对汞的吸附效率平均在９５％以上。     

真空吸附在薄型铝材零件加工中的应用

公司新产品试制过程中有一批导烟板系列零件,外形纤薄且为铝合金材料,无法完全使用传统夹具装夹或磁性吸附方式固定零件来完成零件数控成形加工。我们通过真空吸附装夹加工的应用,最终完成了零件试制加工任务。该套真空吸附加工方案的应用,为其他薄型铝材零件装夹加工提供了有益的借鉴。     

The adsorption characteristics of two Mo sites on a sulfided MoO3/γ-Al2O3 surface

The surface structure of the oxidized and ammonia dissolved MoO₃/-Al₂O₃ samples and the adsorption characteristics of the sulfided samples were investigated by Laser Raman Spectroscopy (LRS) and Low Temperature Infrared Spectroscopy (LTIR) techniques.It was verified that there were two kinds of coordinated unsaturated Mo sites (denoted as Mo_A(CUS) and Mo_B(CUS)) on the surface and the precursors of Mo_A(CUS) and Mo_B(CUS) were Mo(O) and Mo(T), respectively. It was also concluded that Mo_A(CUS) sites could adsorb NO and CO, while Mo_B(CUS) could adsorb CO only. The surface concentration of Mo_A(CUS) might be far smaller than that of Mo_B(CUS).     

天然沸石与纳滤组合工艺处理铜突发污染的应用

纳滤工艺被广泛应用于分散式饮用水深度处理,能解决饮用水苦咸化,盐碱化或微污染等常规水处理工艺无法规避的用水风险,在长时间运行过程中还能有效应对重金属等突发污染风险。但重金属污染易加重纳滤膜污染,需要增设预处理装置加以缓冲,实现纳滤装置的长久稳定运行。而天然沸石具有良好的筛分性能和吸附性能,能够有效缓冲重金属对纳滤装置的冲击。试验以重金属铜为例,证明水中铜离子会造成纳滤不可逆污染比例增加,不利于系统稳定运行;天然沸石对铜离子有很好的吸附效果,静态吸附试验表明天然沸石对水中铜离子的最大吸附量为3.03 mg/g,通过正交试验合理设计吸附预处理,能够有效为纳滤工艺提供安全进水,保证纳滤进水铜离子浓度低于10 mg/L。实践工艺中,吸附预处理能有效缓解纳滤膜不可逆污染,而且吸附-纳滤组合工艺对铜离子及部分其他重金属离子表现出良好的处理效果。     

Curcumin Prevents Cerebellar Hypoplasia and Restores the Behavior in Hyperbilirubinemic Gunn Rat by a Pleiotropic Effect on the Molecular Effectors of Brain Damage

Bilirubin toxicity to the central nervous system (CNS) is responsible for severe and permanent neurologic damage, resulting in hearing loss, cognitive, and movement impairment. Timely and effective management of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia by phototherapy or exchange transfusion is crucial for avoiding permanent neurological consequences, but these therapies are not always possible, particularly in low-income countries. To explore alternative options, we investigated a pharmaceutical approach focused on protecting the CNS from pigment toxicity, independently from serum bilirubin level. To this goal, we tested the ability of curcumin, a nutraceutical already used with relevant results in animal models as well as in clinics in other diseases, in the Gunn rat, the spontaneous model of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Curcumin treatment fully abolished the landmark cerebellar hypoplasia of Gunn rat, restoring the histological features, and reverting the behavioral abnormalities present in the hyperbilirubinemic rat. The protection was mediated by a multi-target action on the main bilirubin-induced pathological mechanism ongoing CNS damage (inflammation, redox imbalance, and glutamate neurotoxicity). If confirmed by independent studies, the result suggests the potential of curcumin as an alternative/complementary approach to bilirubin-induced brain damage in the clinical scenario.     

ADSORPTION OF GALLIUM WITH N_503LEVEXTREL RESIN

ＡＤＳＯＲＰＴＩＯＮＯＦＧＡＬＬＩＵＭＷＩＴＨＮ＿５０３ＬＥＶＥＸＴＲＥＬＲＥＳＩＮＣｈｅｎ，Ｊｉａｎｒｏｎｇ；Ｈｕ，Ｊｉａｎｈｕａ；Ｐｅｎｇ，Ｃｈａｏｑｕｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ，ＺｈｅｊｉａｎｇＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔ...     

Validation of a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Measurement of the Redox State Metabolic Ratios Lactate/Pyruvate and β-Hydroxybutyrate/Acetoacetate in Biological Samples

The metabolic ratios lactate/pyruvate and β-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate are considered valuable tools to evaluate the in vivo redox cellular state by estimating the free NAD+/NADH in cytoplasm and mitochondria, respectively. The aim of the current study was to validate a gas-chromatography mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of the four metabolites in plasma and liver tissue. The procedure included an o-phenylenediamine microwave-assisted derivatization, followed by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and silylation with bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide:trimethylchlorosilane 99:1. The calibration curves presented acceptable linearity, with a limit of quantification of 0.001 mM for pyruvate, β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate and of 0.01 mM for lactate. The intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision were within the European Medicines Agency’s Guideline specifications. No significant differences were observed in the slope coefficient of three-point standard metabolite-spiked curves in plasma or liver and water, and acceptable recoveries were obtained in the metabolite-spiked samples. Applicability of the method was tested in precision-cut liver rat slices and also in HepG2 cells incubated under different experimental conditions challenging the redox state. In conclusion, the validated method presented good sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility in the quantification of lactate/pyruvate and β-hydroxybutyrate/acetate metabolites and may be useful in the evaluation of in vivo redox states.     

Degradable Superhydrophilic Iron-Pillared Bentonite Doped with Polybutylene Adipate/Terephthalate Open-Cell Foam: Its Application in Dye Degradation,Removal of Heavy Metal Ions,and Oil–Water Separation

Development of industrialization has brought convenience to people's lives; however, it has also brought serious harm to the environment, where, water pollution is the most obvious. Here, a polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) open-cell foam doped with iron-pillared bentonite (IPB) is prepared by using sugar as a pore-forming agent and solution phase separation, and then combined with a solution dipping method to coat the foam surface with a polyacrylamide/SiO₂, which makes the PBAT foam superhydrophilic. The static adsorption effect of superhydrophilic IPB-doped PBAT open-cell foam on methylene blue (MB) and Cu²⁺ is studied. The adsorption isotherm fitting shows that the adsorption conforms to the Langmuir model and it has biased toward monolayer adsorption. The adsorption kinetics fitting confirms that the adsorption process is in line with the pseudo-second-order adsorption model, which is dominated by chemical adsorption. The modified PBAT open-cell foam has an adsorption effect on Cu²⁺; however, it has weak cyclic adsorption capacity. It shows a good cyclic adsorption ability for the cationic dye MB and it has >95% photodegradation efficiency of the MB after five time's cyclic adsorption. The superhydrophilicity makes the foam to have better applications in oil–water separation.     

A new application of Hydroxyapatite extracted from dromedary bone: Adsorptive removal of Congo red from aqueous solution

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of the natural hydroxyapatite powder for anionic dye (Congo red) elimination from water and optimization of adsorption process parameters that are contact time (0-360 min), solution pH (4-9), initial dye concentration (400-2400 mg/l), and adsorbent dosage (0.4-20 g/l). Natural hydroxyapatite with high surface area was prepared from animal agriculture waste dromedary bone. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis characterizations of the powder prepared show a hexagonal structure, the irregular form of hydroxyapatite and presence of other elements as trace element. The results of adsorption tests demonstrated the high efficiency of natural hydroxyapatite for removal of Congo red from water solution whose maximum experimental capacity adsorption of Congo red by natural hydroxyapatite is 900 mg/g at pH 4.5, equilibrium time 240 min and adsorbent dosage 2 g/l. According to the correlation coefficient value, the pseudo-second order kinetic model identified the sorption mechanism of pollutant used on natural hydroxyapatite. The Freundlich isotherm is the best representative theoretical model of the dye molecules’ adsorption on the natural hydroxyapatite support.