大型合成氨装置二段炉烧嘴燃烧模拟与改进

二段炉烧嘴是天然气合成氨装置中关键的设备,对整个系统有着重要影响。本文以中国石油大庆石化公司化肥厂合成氨二段炉烧嘴为例,采用RNGk-ε湍流模型和涡团耗散湍流燃烧模型,对二段炉锥形燃烧室进行了三维模拟仿真,并与实际应用结果比较,验证了流场计算结果;根据计算结果分析,对化肥厂烧蚀严重的烧嘴提出了改进维修方案。     

一段炉分气管泄漏原因分析及解决措施

本文介绍了中原大化集团一段炉分气管的泄漏状况，分析了泄漏原因，介绍了解决措施。     

布朗工艺一段转化炉的模拟计算

在建立炉膛燃烧传热模型和管内气固相催化反应模型的基础上对布朗工艺合成氨装置一段炉辐射段进行模拟计算.炉膛燃烧传热过程采用Hottle区域法建立三维辐射换热模型,与管内的气固相催化反应动力学模型迭代求解,得出了炉膛三维温度分布以及管内温度、压力、组成随高度的分布.计算结果与实测值基本吻合.由于炉膛燃烧传热模型采用三维模型,与传统的一维和二维模型比较,计算结果更为精确.计算方法和结果对于节能降耗以及设备的改进等都有非常重要的意义.     

二段炉加过量空气节能方案研究与分析

二段炉加过量空气，一段炉转化负荷相应降低，可节省一段炉燃气用量，提高转化系统的有效能利用率，达到节能的效果，在低负荷下增加二段炉的过量空气，增产节能效果更为明显，加过量空气后工艺参数作适当的调整，生产装置可以稳定运行。     

换热式转化炉下猪尾管裂纹原因分析及改造建议

对已使用3 a、材料为Incoloy 800H合金的505C制氢装置换热式转化炉下猪尾管裂纹进行了分析,通过无损探伤、现场测量、材料元素分析、工艺运行状况、结构应力等方面的分析讨论,论证了裂纹产生的原因是由操作温度、结构应力等多种因素造成的,并对改进该装置提出了建议。     

燃料气组分变化对合成氨装置的影响及对策

中国石油塔里木油田公司塔西南石化厂合成氨装置燃料天然气来源发生改变,导致燃料天然气组分和热值发生变化.分析了燃料天然气组分发生变化对燃料天然气消耗、一段炉出口温度、空气鼓风机和烟气引风机负荷、一段炉炉顶燃料气压力以及系统操作的影响,并针对燃料气组分变化带来的不利影响提出了建议.     

氨厂一段炉低水碳比操作的优化

通过对氨厂合成气制造系统进行过程模拟，得到了采用不同水碳比条件下一段炉至甲烷化炉各个设备反应的定量结果。计算结果表明，在氨厂现行工艺流程下，若能将工艺空气预热至６００℃，则一段炉可在水碳比３．０操作，其节能效果显著而不利影响较小     

Determination of the operating range of CO2 conversion and syngas production in dry auto-thermal reforming

A porous medium-catalyst hybrid reformer for CO₂ conversion by dry auto-thermal reforming (DATR) was investigated in this study, and its operating range was discovered. The hybrid design was used to enhance the oxidative heat release by internal heat recirculation during exothermic reaction conditions, thereby increasing the CO₂ conversion efficiency. The experimental results show that the CO₂ conversion could be enhanced with higher catalyst inlet temperatures. The examination of the operating range of DATR showed that the CO₂ conversion efficiency increased at higher reaction temperatures and CO₂/CH₄ ratios (≧1). Moreover, DATR in high temperature conditions must be carried out with high O₂/CH₄ ratios. Under these conditions of high oxygen content, CO₂ generation and reduction reactions occur simultaneously. Overall, optimal CO₂ conversion can be obtained with an O₂/CO₂ ratio of approximately 0.5. At these conditions, CO₂ conversion efficiency can reach approximately 13% without external heat addition.     

一段炉转化管热带现象原因分析及处理

针对转化管出现的热带(超温)现象,结合一段炉的运行数据,从转化管改薄壁管、催化剂活性降低、催化剂结炭等方面进行分析与探讨,并采取一系列的操作优化及烧炭处理,避免了装置的停车,保证了系统的长周期稳定运行。     

Experimental investigation of compression ignition engine fuelled by a catalytic fuel reformer

Waste engine oil (WEO) as an alternative fuel for compression ignition (CI) engine is investigated in this study. WEO was thermally cracked with alumina catalyst in the catalytic fuel reformer (CFR). The gas obtained from the CFR was condensed using a water-cooled condenser for analytical purposes. The output of the condenser was named as WEOA (reformulated WEO with alumina catalyst). The different chemical properties of WEOA were analysed. The compositional analysis for diesel and WEOA was made using Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC–MS). The experimental investigation was conducted in a single-cylinder diesel engine and the performance and emissions were compared with those of diesel fuel. Experimental results concluded that the performance and emission level are better than those of diesel fuel. This study concludes that environmentally hazardous waste material such as WEO is recycled and converted into a useful resource and serves as an alternative source of fuel for CI engine.