Use of mesoporous SBA-15 for nanostructuring titania for photocatalytic applications

SBA15–TiO₂ samples prepared by introducing titanium with a grafting method and having TiO₂ loadings below 15 wt.% have been characterized by XRF, XRD, IR, porosimetry, SEM, HRTEM, and UV–Visible diffuse reflectance. Differently from the samples reported in the literature characterized by a high TiO₂ loading, no evidences have been found for the presence of titania particles inside or outside the mesopores of SBA-15. Three different titanium species were instead evidenced to be present. The first two derive from the reaction of titanium with silanol groups in the corona area of inner SBA-15 walls leading to the formation of either TiO₄ tetrahedral sites (by reaction by hydroxyl nests of surface defect sites) and/or pseudo-octahedral surface sites anchored by two (or more) Si or Ti ions through bridging oxygens. The third species derives from the reaction of titanium in the regions with high sylanol density, e.g. in the micropores located in the corona of SBA-15 channels, leading to the formation of TiO₂-like nanoareas (probably Si-doped) with dimensions of around 1–2 nm maximum. The potential interest of these materials as photocatalysts, for the presence of a TiO₂-like nanoareas highly accessible by reactants, is discussed.     

熔融石英耐火材料

阐述了熔融石英耐火材料的主要性能与应用领域。     

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials from a new octa(2,3-epoxypropyl)silsesquioxane with diamines

Hybrid materials based on a new polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, octa(2,3-epoxypropyl)silsesquioxane (OE) with diamines of 4,4′-methylenedianiline (DDM) and 5-trifluoromethyl-1,3-phenylenediamine (FPA) were prepared and characterized. OE was synthesized from cage-structured octaallylsilsesquioxane (OA) with m-chloroperbenzoicacid. The FTIR studies suggested that the N-H bond in diamines was not completely reacted with epoxy group due to steric hindrance and also extensive hydrogen bonding existed in the hybrid materials. The retention of the cage structure in the prepared hybrid materials was suggested by the FTIR and ²⁹Si NMR studies. The OE/FPA hybrid materials had superior thermal/mechanical characteristics than the OE/DDM due to the higher rigidity of the FPA than that of DDM or the silicon-fluorine interaction enhancing crosslinking reaction or hydrogen bonding. The prepared OE/FPA had a T_g of 170 °C, which was higher than diglycidyl ether of bisphenyl A (DGEBA)/DDM at the same stoichiometric ratio. It also had excellent thermal, mechanical, and dielectric characteristics with high storage modulus of 1.8 GPa (30 °C) and 0.3 GPa (250 °C), low coefficient of thermal expansion of 86 μm/m °C, and dielectric constant of 2.19. Thus, it can be high performance materials with potential applications for electronic packaging.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Al-MCM-41 and Al-MCM-48 Mesoporous Materials

A novel route in the synthesis of Al-MCM-41 and Al-MCM-48, using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and sodium aluminate (NaAlO₂) as Si and Al source has been obtained. The effect of surfactant nature and the synthesis conditions such as surfactant/Si ratio and hydrothermal treatment time on the formed mesostructure regularity has been studied. Different methods of template removal have also been evaluated. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, FT-IR, and solid-state MAS NMR spectroscopy.     

Synthesis and characterization of porous media produced by a sol-gel method

Mesoporous silica materials were synthesized by sol-gel method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as precursors and surfactants i.e., cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and polyoxyethylene cetyl ether (Brij 56) as templates. Surfactant templates were completely removed by calcination to form mesoporous structure. The effects of type and amount of surfactants on the characteristics of samples were studied. The textural characteristics such as surface area, pore volume, pore size, and pore size distribution were determined by nitrogen sorption isotherms. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to qualitatively identify the chemical functionality and to confirm the removal of surfactant template. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to directly observe surface morphology and mesoporous structure, respectively. The adsorption capacity of the synthesized adsorbent for toluene vapor was examined. We found that the pore volume and pore size of mesoporous materials affected the adsorption capacity. The sample prepared with high content of CTAB under basic condition (pH ∼7) yielded large pore volumes and pore sizes and subsequently possessed the high adsorption capacity for toluene vapor.     

Molten salts/ceramic-foam matrix composites by melt infiltration method as energy storage material

A new type of high temperature energy storage material was obtained through the melt infiltration method, using compounding SiC ceramic foam as matrix and Na₂SO₄ as phase change material. The resulting composite material was measured by XRD, SEM, TG-DSC methods. The experimental results indicate that the composite is composed of silicon carbide, sodium sulfate and square quartz, and no chemical reactions occurs between Na₂SO₄ and SiC matrix. Na₂SO₄ has a good bonding with the SiC ceramic foam matrix. As the composite material is characterized by high thermal energy storage density and high thermal conductivity, it is suit for energy storage under high temperature. Funded by the “863” Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (2008AA05Z418)     

电网企业物资集约化管理探讨

分析电网企业的物资集约化管理现状,明确物资集约化管理的重要性和必要性,从而探索研究电网企业物资集约化管理的途径.     

关于体育教学改革的问题探讨

分析体育课教学中的主要任务、教材内容、教学方法、成绩考核等几个问题,并对此进行初步的研究和探讨,提出改革意见和措施,以改善体育课的教学效果。     

Synthesis of thermosetting poly(phenylene ether) containing allyl groups

New thermosetting poly(2-allyl-6-methylphenol-co-2,6-dimethylphenol)s (3) have been developed by oxidative coupling copolymerization of 2-allyl-6-methylphenol (1) with 2,6-dimethylphenol (2), followed by thermal curing. Copolymerization was conducted in nitrobenzene in the presence of copper(I) chloride and pyridine as the catalyst under a stream of oxygen, producing high molecular weight copolymers (M_n∼50,000) with broad molecular weight distributions (M_w/M_n∼35). The structure of resulting copolymers 3 was characterized by IR, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Cross-linking reactions of copolymers were carried out by thermal treatment in the absence or presence of a peroxide (3 wt%, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)-3-butane). The 10% weight loss and glass transition temperatures of the cured copolymers were 436 °C in nitrogen and 235 °C, respectively after curing at 70 °C for 1 h and 300 °C for 1 h. The average refractive index of the cured copolymer (3b) film was 1.5407, from which the dielectric constant (ε) at 1 MHz was estimated as 2.6. The ε and dissipation factor of copolymer-films at 1 MHz were directly measured from their capacitances as 2.5-2.6 and 0.0015-0.0019, respectively.