4-甲氧基-1-氧代-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶催化氧化维生素A醇制备维生素A醛

以维生素A醇为原料，用4-甲氧基-1-氧代-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶为主催化剂，氯化亚铜为辅催化剂，通氧气制备了维生素A醛。     

The age deficit on photopic counterphase flicker: Contrast, spatial frequency, and luminance effects.

Evaluated the contribution of reduced contrast sensitivity and retinal illuminance to the age-related deficit on the temporal resolution of suprathreshold spatial stimuli among an elderly group (55-72 yr olds) and two young groups (18-28 yr olds). The discrimination of counterphase flicker was measured in optimally refracted young and elderly observers for sinusoidal gratings of three spatial frequencies (1, 4, and 8 cycles per degree) at three contrast levels (0.11, 0.33, and 0.66). Age deficits in flicker discrimination at the two higher contrast levels and at the two lower spatial frequencies were unrelated to observer contrast sensitivity. Flicker discrimination of young observers who carried out the task through .5 ND filters to simulate a two-thirds reduction of retinal illuminance in the older eye, was similar to that of the elderly observers. An age-related reduction in retinal luminance appears to be a major determinant of the age-related spatiotemporal deficit at suprathreshold contrast levels, although neural factors may also be involved. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

CF/PA12 composite femoral stems: Manufacturing and properties

The fabrication process for a novel carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (polyamide 12) composite femoral stem using inflatable bladder molding was studied. Effect of processing temperature, holding time and applied internal pressure on the consolidation quality of the composite was investigated. Consolidation quality was evaluated by density and void content measurements and scanning electron microscope analysis. As expected, void content (porosities) and presence of large resin pockets were found to increase for lower processing temperature, holding time and applied pressure. Crystallinity as well as melting temperatures measured using differential scanning calorimetry could be related to molding conditions. A progressive reduction of the previous thermal history (crystalline peak of neat composite) and an increase in crystallinity were obtained for higher molding temperature. Static compression testing with void content analysis of molded specimens was used to determine optimal molding conditions. The composite structure molded showed compressive modulus close to cortical bone’s. Compression load at failure of composites molded in optimal conditions were found to be three times higher than those of femoral bone for jumping on one leg or 10 times those for normal gait. The molded composite structure appears to be an excellent candidate for femoral stems used in total hip arthroplasty.     

The Role of Bloom Index of Gelatin on the Interaction with Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Biocompatible materials are of considerable interest in the development of cell/drug delivery carriers for therapeutic applications. This paper investigates the effects of the Bloom index of gelatin on its interaction with retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Following two days of culture of ARPE-19 cells with gelatin samples G75-100, G175, and G300, the in vitro biocompatibility was determined by cell proliferation and viability assays, and glutamate uptake measurements, as well as cytokine expression analyses. The mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity in the G300 groups was significantly lower than that of G75-100 and G175 groups. The Live/Dead assays also showed that the gelatin samples G300 induced mild cytotoxicity. In comparison with the treatment of gelatins with low Bloom index, the exposure to high Bloom strength gelatins markedly reduced the glutamate uptake capacity of ARPE-19 cells. One possible explanation for these observations is that the presence of gelatin samples G300 with high viscosity in the medium may affect the nutrient availability to cultured cells. The analyses of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 expression at both mRNA and protein levels showed that the gelatins with low Bloom index caused less cellular inflammatory reaction and had more acceptable biocompatibility than their high Bloom strength counterparts. These findings suggest that the Bloom index gives influence on cellular responses to gelatin materials.     

智能假肢膝关节的研发要点及其研究进展综述

目的 介绍国内外智能假肢膝关节研究的主要进展,为相关领域的研发提供可借鉴的思路.方法 基于机械结构、调控方式、驱动方式,对典型假肢膝关节进行了分类比较,并从假肢穿戴者的运动意图识别、驱动控制、人机协调控制等方面做了分析.此外,对假肢膝关节在智能化研究与安全性、个性化与通用性、人机共融技术、科学伦理、关键技术等方面需要注意的问题,提出了研发要点和技术思路.结论 智能假肢膝关节应注重安全性与稳定性,规避用户在使用过程中的潜在危险因素;实现假肢控制参数的自整定和灵活适配,在个性化与通用性上达到平衡;综合考虑人—机—环境因素,实现协调控制;坚持"以人为本",在技术方法和科学伦理两个方面开展医工结合的研究;突破关键技术限制,建立完善的社会医疗康复保障服务体系.     

A Feature Selection Strategy to Optimize Retinal Vasculature Segmentation

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes mellitus that appears in the retina. Clinitians use retina images to detect DR pathological signs related to the occlusion of tiny blood vessels. Such occlusion brings a degenerative cycle between the breaking off and the new generation of thinner and weaker blood vessels. This research aims to develop a suitable retinal vasculature segmentation method for improving retinal screening procedures by means of computer-aided diagnosis systems. The blood vessel segmentation methodology relies on an effective feature selection based on Sequential Forward Selection, using the error rate of a decision tree classifier in the evaluation function. Subsequently, the classification process is performed by three alternative approaches: artificial neural networks, decision trees and support vector machines. The proposed methodology is validated on three publicly accessible datasets and a private one provided by Hospital Sant Joan of Reus. In all cases we obtain an average accuracy above 96% with a sensitivity of 72% in the blood vessel segmentation process. Compared with the state-of-the-art, our approach achieves the same performance as other methods that need more computational power. Our method significantly reduces the number of features used in the segmentation process from 20 to 5 dimensions. The implementation of the three classifiers confirmed that the five selected features have a good effectiveness, independently of the classification algorithm.     

空洞残差U型网络用于视网膜血管分割

青光眼是一种不可逆转的致盲性眼科疾病,应当早发现和早治疗.但人工诊断是费时费力的过程,而且受基层医疗资源的限制,人工诊断很容易产生漏诊和误诊的现象.因此,利用深度学习技术辅助诊断眼疾病具有重大意义.如何更为准确且有效地分割视网膜血管成为眼疾病辅助诊断的研究热点问题.于是,基于U型网络(U-Net)提出一种新的网络结构称...     

基于改进HRNet的眼底视网膜血管分割算法

针对现有眼底视网膜血管分割算法普遍存在的微小血管细节丢失和病灶信息误判等问题,提出一种基于改进HRNet的血管分割算法.在预处理阶段,利用限制对比度自适应直方图均衡化和自适应的Gamma矫正提高血管与背景对比度;在编码阶段,将HRNet原始卷积替换为可变形卷积,提升卷积对复杂血管形态结构的适应能力;在多尺度特征融合阶段...     

线算子引导Gabor小波的视网膜血管分割

视网膜血管自动分割能辅助诊断某些眼底疾病和系统性血管疾病。为了提高血管自动分割的效率,因此提出了一种线算子引导Gabor小波的视网膜血管分割方法。利用线算子检测血管方向的最优匹配角,将其作为Gabor小波变换的旋转角构建4个不同尺度的Gabor小波,并提取4维Gabor小波特征,加上两个线强度和预处理后的图像灰度,构建7维特征向量,采用SVM进行分类。与其他基于Gabor小波的方法相比,本方法只需计算最优匹配角所对应方向的Gabor小波特征,大大降低了多尺度Gabor小波特征提取的计算量,此外线算子特征与Gabor小波特征的良好互补性,有利于提高血管与背景的辨别度。在DRIVE眼底数据库上进行实验,其平均准确率、灵敏度及特异性分别为0. 936 1、0. 823 8及0. 955 4,获得了不错的分割性能。     

人工关节置换术下肢深静脉血栓形成的预防性护理

目的:探讨降低人工关节置换术后下肢深静脉血形成发生率的护理方法.方法:对58例人工关节置换术采取针对性的综合性护理措施,包括心理护理、健康教育、体位护理、病情观察、预防性使用抗凝药、早期活动等.结果:人工关节置换术58例中,15例发生DVT,发生率为25.9%.讨论:综合性的预防措施可以降低DVT的发生率.