透湿超纤合成革的制备及其性能研究

制备了一种具有良好透湿性能的超纤合成革,并考察了聚氨酯树脂、涂覆量、聚醚硅油和超纤基布对超纤合成革透湿性能的影响。研究表明:在面层树脂不发生膨润变形的情况下,当面层树脂的亲水性增强、面层和粘结层涂覆量减小时,超纤合成革的水蒸气渗透量、水蒸气渗透和吸收系数增大,但粘结层树脂的亲水性对透湿性能影响不明显;加入2%聚醚硅油,超纤合成革水蒸气渗透量、水蒸气渗透和吸收系数均有所提高;适当增加基布的亲水性,超纤合成革水蒸气渗透和吸收系数增大。     

氨纶经编平纹布送经量的影响因素

针对氨纶经编平纹织物更换品种时送经量设置困难的问题,前梳采用33、44、55dtex的涤纶长丝、锦纶长丝,后梳采用44dtex的氨纶丝为原料,分别在卡尔迈耶HKS2-3 E经编机和利巴COP2 KE经编机上进行上机实验,考察了牵拉密度、原料线密度及种类、机号以及机型等参数对经编弹力织物前梳送经量的影响,并利用回归分析得出各影响因素与前梳送经量的关系。结果表明,以上参数均对氨纶经编弹力织物的前梳涤纶或锦纶的送经量有影响。其中,牵拉密度、机号是影响前梳送经量的高度显著性因素。     

Temperature-sensitive polyurethane (TSPU) film incorporated with carvacrol and cinnamyl aldehyde: antimicrobial activity,sustained release kinetics and potential use as food packaging for Cantonese-style moon cake

Temperature-sensitive polyurethane (TSPU) films incorporated with carvacrol and cinnamyl aldehyde were prepared for the potential use of food packaging. The antimicrobial properties and sustained release kinetics of carvacrol and cinnamyl aldehyde in TSPU film were investigated. Results indicated that cinnamyl aldehyde and carvacrol had favourable antimicrobial properties at relatively low addition ratio. The diffusion and release of carvacrol were linearly related to temperature and its addition ratio. The release rates of carvacrol from TSPU film increased from 0.6% to 2.2% with the increase of addition ratio and temperature. The first-order kinetic equation could be used to describe its diffusion and sustained release process. TSPU films could significantly prolong the shelf life of Cantonese-style moon cakes by effectively inhibiting microbial growth and decreasing lipid oxidation comparing with commonly used polyethylene food packaging. Results obtained in the present work can provide technical guide of sustained release food packaging films with antimicrobial properties.     

Sustainable progress into batchwise coloration of polyurethane nanofibers by using ultrasonic energy

Abstract

In this decade, aesthetic potentials of electrospun polymeric nanofibers for advanced apparels have been studied. For the first time, we studied the sustainable aspects in the batchwise dyeing process of electrospun polymeric nanofibers in terms of conserving thermal energy and reducing the wastewater pollution. The nanofibrous mats were prepared using polyurethane (PU) polymer followed by dyeing with disperse dyes by conventional (CN) dyeing method as well as ultrasonic (US)-assisted dyeing method. Potential of savings in thermal energy (1000?kcal), dwell time (40?min) and quantity of disperse dyes (1.5% on the mass of nanofibers) were realized during the US-assisted dyeing method in comparison with the CN dyeing method. Further, total dissolved solids (TDS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) contents of dyeing effluents demonstrated considerable ecological merits of the US dyeing method in terms of 30% reduction in TDS and 46% reduction in COD contents in comparison with the CN dyeing method. Excellent color strength (K/S) (reached 10) of dyed PU nanofibrous mats were achieved by US-assisted dyeing method in comparison with the K/S (reached 6) with CN dyeing method. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectrophotometer and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were also applied during the study for characterization.     

单组份聚氨酯炮孔填塞剂应用性试验

炮孔填塞是爆破施工过程中的一个关键环节,也是践行精细爆破设计理论的重要措施。传统的炮泥填塞存在着诸多不足,为此,研制了以聚氨酯为基材的TK炮孔填塞剂,通过大量基础性能研究和隧道现场工业性试验,论证了其作为炮孔填塞材料可降低炸药单耗,提高单循环进尺和炮孔利用率,减小空气冲击波、爆破噪声等有害效应的影响,且是安全可靠的。TK炮孔填塞剂优良的填塞效果、方便快捷的施工方法及显著的经济效益,方便于在爆破工程中推广应用。     

A novel method of making PVF porous foam without using the pore forming agent

Different with the conventional method of manufacturing poly(vinyl formal) (PVF) porous foam by using the pore‐forming agents such as wheat or potato starches, a novel method without using the pore‐forming agent is introduced in this article. Through the help of images taken by a scanning electron microscope, the formation process of the present PVF foam will be discussed in terms of the spinodal decomposition (SD) phase separation principle. Additionally, the effect of poly(vinyl alcohol) concentration and reaction temperature on the pore structure of the PVF foam will be investigated. Moreover, the water adsorption capacities of the PVF foams obtained by the present method will be studied in details through the analyses of pore‐size distribution, mechanical modulus, and thermal property. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41270.     

丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯乳液的合成及胶膜性能研究

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、聚碳酸酯二醇（PCDL）、二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）三乙胺（TEA）、甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）为原料,采用原位乳液聚合法制备水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯（WPUA）复合乳液。考察了聚氨酯（PU ）含量、m(MMA):m(BA)、初始-NCO与-OH物质的量之比等因素对WPUA复合乳液及其胶膜性能的影响。结果显示,当w(PU)质量分数为80%、初始n(-NCO):n(-OH)=6.0、w(DMPA)=5%、m(MMA):m(BA)=4:6时,所得WPUA乳液性能稳定,其胶膜吸水率降低至9.80%,相比较未改性的聚氨酯胶膜的吸水率24.75%,其吸水率降低了60.4%;改性胶膜的拉伸强度达到28.9MPa,是未改性聚氨酯胶膜的1.53倍,制备出了性能稳定、具有优异耐水性和物理机械性能的WPUA复合乳液。     

Influence of a metallic filler on polyurethane formation

The addition of metallic fillers is recognized to impart improvement of acoustic properties to polyurethane-based materials used for marine applications. The system under consideration was obtained by the reaction of a triisocyanateterminated prepolymer with 1,4-butanediol, in the presence of various concentrations of lead powder. With increasing lead content, gelation time is reduced and an Einstein-type law does not apply. The kinetics of the reaction were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Deviation from the classic second order is observed for the filled systems, and the higher the lead content, the more important the deviation is, showing undoubtedly the catalytic effect of the metallic powder.     

盾构用气泡的性能及对开挖土体改良效果影响

随着土压平衡式盾构在我国地铁建设中的推广应用,气泡作为一种优良的土体改良剂,已经得到广泛的采用。但是,我国对盾构用发泡剂的研究开发处于起步阶段,对盾构用气泡的基本性能及其对开挖土体的改良效果缺乏研究,造成土压平衡式盾构中气泡应用的浪费。作者通过室内试验,对气泡的基本性能进行了研究,并在现场试验中研究了气泡性能对开挖土体的改良效果;得出了气泡改良开挖土体的主要影响因素,对盾构用气泡在实际中的应用具有指导意义。     

Heat-Transfer analysis for quenched impact test specimens of polymers

An approximate but simple method for the low temperature mechanical testing of polymers is frequently used. It consists of quenching the polymer sample into liquid nitrogen and then installing it on the testing apparatus. The required test temperature is determined by the time where the experiment is started. In this work, the time-temperature patterns of two quenched impact test samples, in high density polyethylene and polyurethane, were first measured and then compared with the values obtained from a graphical method of unsteady-state heat conduction. The agreement between experimental data and calculated values is better than 8% in terms of relative error.