氟碳聚醚单体——1，1，5-三氢八氟戊基缩水甘油醚合成研究——特种聚氨酯预聚体端羟基氟碳聚醚研究Ⅲ

在合成氟碳聚醚单体1,1,5-三氢八氟戊基缩水甘油醚(FGE-2)的过程中,用气液色谱跟踪研究1,1,5-三氢八氟戊醇(FOH-2)与环氧氯丙烷(ECH)在 NaOH存在下的缩合反应进程,发现该反应是一个可逆反应;反应温度较低(30℃)时反应速度太慢,反应温度过高(80℃)时平衡逆向移动,较适合的反应温度为50℃.当反应物摩尔比为: FOH-2/ECH/NaOH=1/3/1～1.2时,在无水介质中,采用FOH-2后加法,反应4～5h即达平衡;若NaOH过量5%～20%,转化率达90%以上,产率可达82%.采用ECH后加法,也得到良好结果.反应物经减压精密分馏,分离回收ECH和FOH-2后,收集在266.6Pa真空度下b.p. 68℃的馏分,得到FGE-2产品,环氧值为0.3440～0.3471mol/100g,纯度达99%以上.     

冰箱聚氨酯环戊烷高压发泡模塑生产成套设备的安全要点

介绍了以环戊烷为发泡剂的冰箱高压发泡模塑生产成套设备的安全设计原则和具体实施内容,重点介绍了环戊烷/多元醇预混系统、聚氨酯环戊烷高压发泡机和聚氨酯冰箱发泡模塑生产线的安全要点。     

硅烷改性聚合物密封剂的研究进展

详细阐述了硅烷改性预聚体的合成方法和硅烷改性聚合物密封剂的制备及固化机理,总结了国内外硅烷改性聚合物密封剂的研究现状及进展,最后分析了硅烷改性聚合物密封剂在我国工业发展中的重要作用。     

Self-Adhesive Polydimethylsiloxane Foam Materials Decorated with MXene/Cellulose Nanofiber Interconnected Network for Versatile Functionalities

Polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) foam as one of next-generation polymer foam materials shows poor surface adhesion and limited functionality, which greatly restricts its potential applications. Fabrication of advanced PDMS foam materials with multiple functionalities remains a critical challenge. In this study, unprecedented self-adhesive PDMS foam materials are reported with worm-like rough structure and reactive groups for fabricating multifunctional PDMS foam nanocomposites decorated with MXene/cellulose nanofiber (MXene/CNF) interconnected network by a facile silicone foaming and dip-coating strategy followed by silane surface modification. Interestingly, such self-adhesive PDMS foam produces strong interfacial adhesion with the hybrid MXene/CNF nano-coatings. Consequently, the optimized PDMS foam nanocomposites have excellent surface super-hydrophobicity (water contact angle of ≈159^o), tunable electrical conductivity (from 10⁻⁸ to 10 S m⁻¹), stable compressive cyclic reliability in both wide-temperature range (from −20 to 200 ^oC) and complex environments (acid, sodium, and alkali conditions), outstanding flame resistance (LOI value of >27% and low smoke production rate), good thermal insulating performance and reliable strain sensing in various stress modes and complex environmental conditions. It provides a new route for the rational design and development of advanced PDMS foam nanocomposites with versatile multifunctionalities for various promising applications such as intelligent healthcare monitoring and fire-safe thermal insulation.     

A Biologically Muscle-Inspired Polyurethane with Super-Tough,Thermal Reparable and Self-Healing Capabilities for Stretchable Electronics

Polymeric elastomers play an increasingly important role in the development of stretchable electronics. A highly demanded elastic matrix is preferred to own not only excellent mechanical properties, but also additional features like high toughness and fast self-healing. Here, a polyurethane (DA-PU) is synthesized with donor and acceptor groups alternately distributed along the main chain to achieve both intra-chain and inter-chain donor-acceptor self-assembly, which endow the polyurethane with toughness, self-healing, and, more interestingly, thermal repair, like human muscle. In detail, DA-PU exhibits an amazing mechanical performance with elongation at break of 1900% and toughness of 175.9 MJ m⁻³. Moreover, it shows remarkable anti-fatigue and anti-stress relaxation properties as manifested by cyclic tensile and stress relaxation tests, respectively. Even in case of large strain deformation or long-time stretch, it can almost completely restore to original length by thermal repair at 60 °C in 60 s. The self-healing speed of DA-PU is gradually enhanced with the increasing temperature, and can be 1.0–6.15 µm min⁻¹ from 60 to 80 °C. At last, a stretchable and self-healable capacitive sensor is constructed and evaluated to prove that DA-PU matrix can ensure the stability of electronics even after critical deformation and cut off.     

尖头刚性弹贯穿金属厚靶的终点弹道性能研究

根据侵彻阻力的一般表达式,文中引入阻尼函数ξ对尖头刚性弹垂直贯穿金属厚靶问题进行研究,给出了由四个无量纲物理量,也即撞击函数I、弹头形状函数N、阻尼函数ξ和无量纲靶厚χ表示的终点弹道性能表达式。结合公开发表的穿甲实验数据,将相关分析与不计阻尼函数ξ情形的异同进行了比较,分析结果与实验数据相符。     

A Bubble‐Derived Strategy to Prepare Multiple Graphene‐Based Porous Materials

Graphene‐based porous structures have triggered tremendous attention due to their promising application in many fields. Recent progress has yielded structures with stochastic porous networks, which limit their controllability and potential performance. It still remains a big challenge for the scalable production to integrate the 2D building block into engineered porous architectures in multidimensions. Here, a versatile technique based on soft bubble templating and fixation by freezing is described to fabricate 3D bubble‐derived graphene foams (BGFs) and 2D bubble‐derived graphene porous membranes (BGPMs). These light‐weight novel structures are carefully tuned. The BGFs show high adsorption capabilities for organic solvents and good recovery in structural deformation. Furthermore, applications of BGFs and BGPMs in strain sensors for wearable devices are discussed, working as a combined system which can both detect the compressive and tensile deformation. This technique can be extended to assemble other nanomaterials as building blocks into macroscopic configurations.     

Achieving Outstanding Mechanical Performance in Reinforced Elastomeric Composite Fibers Using Large Sheets of Graphene Oxide

A simple fiber spinning method used to fabricate elastomeric composite fibers with outstanding mechanical performance is demonstrated. By taking advantage of the large size of as‐prepared graphene oxide sheets (in the order of tens of micrometers) and their liquid crystalline behavior, elastomeric composite fibers with outstanding low strain properties have been fabricated without compromising their high strain properties. For example, the modulus and yield stress of the parent elastomer improved by 80‐ and 40‐fold, respectively, while maintaining the high extensibility of ～400% strain inherent to the parent elastomer. This outstanding mechanical performance was shown to be dependent upon the GO sheet size. Insights into how both the GO sheet size dimension and dispersion parameters influence the mechanical behavior at various applied strains are discussed.     

BaTiO_3纤维/PUIPN_s纳米复合体系导电性能研究

用红外光谱跟踪确定了同步互穿聚合物网络的形成工艺 ,并制成其梯次化复合涂层 ,TEM检测表明两相间的相畴尺寸在纳米级范围内 ;在此基础上 ,以钛酸钡超细纤维对此网络体系进行复合 ,确定偶联剂的加入量及复合工艺 ,测量了不同复合量下材料的电阻率 ,并考察了其伏安特性。此工作可为拓展此类材料的应用领域提供有价值的参考数据。     

Highly Stretchable and Sensitive Strain Sensors Using Fragmentized Graphene Foam

Stretchable electronics have recently been extensively investigated for the development of highly advanced human‐interactive devices. Here, a highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensor is fabricated based on the composite of fragmentized graphene foam (FGF) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). A graphene foam (GF) is disintegrated into 200–300 μm sized fragments while maintaining its 3D structure by using a vortex mixer, forming a percolation network of the FGFs. The strain sensor shows high sensitivity with a gauge factor of 15 to 29, which is much higher compared to the GF/PDMS strain sensor with a gauge factor of 2.2. It is attributed to the great change in the contact resistance between FGFs over the large contact area, when stretched. In addition to the high sensitivity, the FGF/PDMS strain sensor exhibits high stretchability over 70% and high durability over 10 000 stretching‐releasing cycles. When the sensor is attached to the human body, it functions as a health‐monitoring device by detecting various human motions such as the bending of elbows and fingers in addition to the pulse of radial artery. Finally, by using the FGF, PDMS, and μ‐LEDs, a stretchable touch sensor array is fabricated, thus demonstrating its potential application as an artificial skin.